Management of genitourinary trauma – current evaluation from the Sub-Saharan region: A systematic review

Table 2 Urological complications of obstetrics and gynecology surgeries

Series	Country/territory	Patient population	Age range in yr	Mean age in yr	Urological injury	Causes of injury	Intervention
Papoola et al[37]	Nigeria	11	28-65	43.8	Ureteric injury (45.5%); Bladder injury (18.2%)	TAH-60%; Ovariectomy	UNC: 36%; Uretero-ureterostomy; Bladder repair; Catheter drainage
Kingsley et al[38]	Nigeria	20	N/A	34.5 ± 3.8	L. ureteric injury (50%); R. ureteric injury (21.4%); Bilateral (28.6%)	TAH-55%; Myomectomy, CS, excision of right colonic tumor	UNC: 67.8%; Psoas hitch, Boari’s flap, TUU, R. Nephroureterectomy
Ekeke et al[39]	Nigeria	25/8270	24-62	38.4	L. ureteric injury (37.5%); R. ureteric injury (33.3%); Bilateral (29.2%); Bladder injury (28%)	TAH-48%, Subtotal H-16%, CS:12%, ovariectomy, VVF repair.	Ureteric laceration repair- 40%, UNC: 44%, Boari’s flap, bladder repair
Mensah et al[40]	Ghana	14	18-74	N/A	Bilateral ureteral injury	TAH-92.9%; VVF repair-7.1%	Dialysis-36%; UNC, deligation, psoas hitch, TUU
Sebukoto et al[41]	Tanzania	105/11219	N/A	N/A	Ureteral injury 17.2%; R. ureter 6.7%; L. ureter 4.8%; Bilateral 5.7%; Bladder injury 3.8%	C-Section 34.3%; TAH- 17.1%
Chianakwana et al[42]	Nigeria	32	N/A	N/A	Ureteric injury 87%; Bladder injury 9.4%; Urethral Injury 2.1%	TAH, Myomectomy	UNC 81.3%; Bladder repair; Tube ureterostomy
Obarisiagbon et al[43]	Nigeria	16	16-50	41.5	Left ureter 44%;Right ureter 12.5%; Bilateral 18.8%; Bladder injury 25%	TAH 75%; C-section 31%	UNC 68.8%; Bladder repair; Conservative; Nephrectomy

L: Left; R: Right; N/A: Not available; CS: Cesarean section; TAH: Total abdominal hysterectomy; TUU: Transureteroureterostomy; UNC: Ureteroneocystostomy; VVF: Vesicovaginal fistula; H: Hysterectomy.