Management of genitourinary trauma – current evaluation from the Sub-Saharan region: A systematic review

Table 1 Penile trauma, causes of injury, treatment and complications

Ref.	Country/Territory	No. of patients	Age range in yr	Mean age in yr	Penile injury	Causes of penile injury	Treatment	Complications
Sow et al[29]	Senegal	23	19-47	32.4	Fracture of tunica albuginea-82.6%; Fracture of tunica albuginea + partial urethral injury; Rupture of the penile dorsal vein	Sexual intercourse, masturbation, firearm, self-circumcision attempt	Evacuation of hematoma and repair of the albuginea	ED, coital penile pain, penile chordee
Paré et al[30]	Burkina	6	30-43	38.3	Fracture of tunica albuginea - 83.3%; Penile Contusion	Sexual intercourse	Evacuation of hematoma and repair of the albuginea	No ED
Odzébé et al[31]	Congo Brazzaville	09	25-73	46.3	Fracture of tunica albuginea	Sexual intercourse; Masturbation	Evacuation of hematoma and repair of the albuginea	ED; Penile chordee
Oranusi et al[32]	Nigeria	23	0.003-43	28.9	Penile fracture (34.8%) - (Sexual intercourse); Genital mutilation 26% (self-inflicted/assault); Post circumcision 13% (untrained nurses), Penile gunshot injury		Repair of albuginea, refashioning of residual penile stump, repair of albuginea	Not specified
Omisanjo et al[33]	Nigeria	15	23-56	35.2	Penile fracture 100% + concomitant urethral injury 26.7%	Sexual intercourse 66.7%; Rolling over erect penis 20% Masturbation 13%	Evacuation of hematoma and repair of the albuginea	ED 6.7%; Penile chordee 13.3%
Barry et al[34]	Guinea	22	22-51	37.8	Penile fracture 100%	Sexual intercourse 59.1%; Masturbation 31.8%; Rolling over erect penis 9.1%	Evacuation of hematoma and repair of the albuginea	No ED

ED: Erectile dysfunction.