Elderly adults with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care unit: A narrative review

Table 1 Critically ill coronavirus disease-2019 elderly patients, included in observational clinical studies conducted in intensive care units

Ref.	Country	Median age, yr	Sample size / No. of the elderly admitted to the ICU (proportion, %)	ICU mortality, No. of deaths (%), all ages	ICU mortality of the elderly, No. of deaths and proportion (%)	Comments
Yang et al[8], Lancet Respir Med	China	59.71	52 / 27 ≥ 60 yr (52)	32 (61.5)	20/27 (74.1) (≥ 60 yr)	-
Grasselli et al[23], JAMA	Italy	63	1591 / 961 ≥ 61 yr (60.4)	405 (60.3)	322/436 (73.9) (≥ 61 yr)	525/961 elderly patients still in ICU; 920/1591 patients (all ages) still in ICU
Richardson et al[24], JAMA	United States	N/A	1281 / 613 ≥ 65 yr (47.8)	291 (78)	182/200 (91) (≥ 65 yr)	413/613 patients ≥ 65 yr old still in hospital; 908/1281 patients (all ages) still in hospital
Bhatraju et al[49], NEJM	United States	641	24 / N/A	12 (57.1)	62 (≥ 65 yr)	3 patients remained intubated at the end of the study
Karagiannidis et al[52], Lancet Respir Med	Germany	71	1727 / 1305 ≥ 60 yr (75.5)535, 70-79 yr; 388, ≥ 80 yr	906 (53)	174/382 (46), 60-69 yr; 335/535 (63), 70-79 yr; 280/388 (72), ≥ 80 yr	ICU deaths in elderly with invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation are reported
Yu et al[47], Crit Care	China	64	226 / 149 ≥61 yr (65.9)	87 (41.2)	62/140 (44) (≥ 61 yr)	9/149 elderly patients still in hospital; 15/226 patients (all ages) still in hospital
Shi et al[34], Clin Lab Anal	China	59.41	161 / 83 ≥ 60 yr (51.5)	50 (39)	36 (60-74 yr)24.24 (> 74 yr)	Further comparison analysis revealed that no difference was found among the following age group patients: ≤ 44, 45-59, 60-74, and ≥ 75 yr; 33/161 still in hospital- N/A if they were in ICU or in hospital’s ward
Burrell et al[35], MJA	Australia	63.5	200 / 123 ≥ 60 yr (61.5); 97 ≥ 65 yr (48.5)	30 (15)	28/123 (22.8) (≥60 yr); 25/97 (25.8) (≥ 65 yr)	6/200 patients still in hospital wards
Aleva et al[36], J Crit Care	The Netherlands	651	50 / 30 ≥ 65 yr (60)	13 (32)	10/30 (33) (≥ 65 yr)	All survivors successfully discharged from the hospital
Mitra et al[37], CMAJ	Canada	69	117 / 76 ≥ 65 yr (64.9)	18 (17.1)	16/69 (23) (≥ 65 yr)	7/76 elderly patients still in ICU; 12/69 elderly patients still hospitalized; 12/117 patients (all ages) still in ICU
Alshukry et al[38], PLoS One	Kuwait	47	82 / 25 > 60 yr (30.4)	60 (73.1)	17/25 (68) (> 60 yr)	-
Larsson et al[39], Acta Anesthesiol Scand	Sweden	59	260 / 110 ≥ 60 yr (42.3); 28 ≥ 70 yr (10.7)	60 (30.3)	37/81 (45.7) (≥ 60 yr)	29/110 elderly patients still in ICU; 62/260 patients (all ages) still in ICU
Wang et al[42], AJRCCM	China	60	344 / 194 ≥ 60 yr (56.4)	133 (38.7)	101/194 (52.1) (≥ 60 yr)	-
Auld et al[46], Crit Care Med	United States	64	217 / 106 ≥ 65 yr (48.8)	62 (29.7)	45/103 (44) (≥ 65 yr)	3/106 elderly patients still in ICU; 8/217 patients (all ages) still in ICU
Xu et al[48], Crit Care	China		239 / 112 ≥ 65 yr (46.9)	147 (61.5)	82/112 (73.2) (≥ 65 yr)	-
Thomson et al[50], PLoS One	United Kingdom	62	156 / 89 ≥ 60 yr (57)	38 (24.3)	31/89 (34.8) (≥ 60 yr)	-
Nachtigall et al[51], Clin Microbiol Infect	Germany	73	399 / 318 ≥ 60 yr (79.6)	109 (27.3)	102/318 (32) (≥ 60 yr)	-
Guillon et al[32], Intensive Care Med	France	N/A	9885 / 5126 ≥ 65 yr (51.9); 480 ≥ 80 yr (4.9)	2914 (29.5)	1986/5126 (38.7) (≥ 65 yr); 300/480 (62.5) (≥ 80 yr)	-
Dres et al[33], Ann Intensive Care	France, Switzerland, Belgium	74	1199 / 639 70-74 yr (53.3); 367 75-79 yr (30.6); 193 > 80 yr (16.1)	549 (45.8)	247/639 (38.7) (70-74 yr); 173/367 (47.1) (75-79 yr); 129/193 (66.8) (> 80 yr)	All patients were ≥ 70 yr old

¹mean value. ICU: Intensive care unit; N/A: Not available.