Reduced exercise capacity and self-perceived health status in high-risk patients undergoing lung resection

Table 3 Exercise capacity and self-perceived health status differences at discharge among and between groups

		Low-risk group, n = 29			High-risk group, n = 36			Control group, n = 32			F
		Mean change	95%CI	P value among groups	Mean change	95%CI	P value among groups	Mean change	95%CI	P value among groups
Exercise capacity
FSS		-4.17 (16.76)	(-10.02, 1.67)	0.156	-8.00 (18.56)	(-14.10, -1.90)	0.012	0	-	1	21.735 1a,b,c,1
Lower limb assessment
Hand-held dynamometry		7.20 (24.49)	(2.11, 16.52)	< 0.001	22.94 (31.12)	(12.41, 33.47)	< 0.001	-0.05 (0.85)	(-0.35, 0.25)	0.729	15.8 1b,c,1
5STS test	Dyspnea baseline	-0.64 (1.45)	(-1.15, -0.12)	0.017	-1.05 (2.14)	(-1.75, -0.35)	0.004	0	-	1	4.122 1b,c,1
	LL fatigue baseline	-0.30 (1.28)	(-0.76, 0.15)	0.186	-0.42 (1.81)	(-1.02, 0.17)	0.160	0	-	1	8.735 1a,b,c
	Time	-3.30 (7.28)	(-5.88, -0.72)	0.014	-7.84 (11.39)	(-11.58, -4.09)	< 0.001	-0.06 (0.50)	(-0.24, 0.13)	0.531	14.818 1a,b,c,1
	Dyspnea post-test	-0.91 (2.02)	(-1.63, -0.19)	0.0151	-2.74 (2.92)	(-3.69, -1.78)	< 0.001	0	-	1	20.128 1a,b,c,1
	LL fatigue post-test	-0.42 (2.00)	(-1.13, -0.28)	0.0081	-1.74 (2.77)	(-2.65, -0.83)	< 0.001	0	-	1	23.570 1a,b,c,1
Upper limb assessment
Handgrip dynamometry		34.14 (46.47)	(16.46, 51.81)	0.124	28.05 (40.84)	(14.24, 41.87)	< 0.001	15.28 (64.29)	(-7.89, 38.46)	0.188	7.663 1b,c,1
UULEX test	Dyspnea baseline	-1.62 (2.78)	(-3.10, -0.14)	0.0341	-2.00 (2.15)	(-3.24, -0.76)	0.004	0	-	1	11.262 1b,c,1
	UL fatigue baseline	-0.75 (2.74)	(-2.21, 0.71)	0.292	-4.29 (3.27)	(-6.17, -2.39)	< 0.001	0	-	1	37.713 1a,b,c,1
	Time	202.50 (204.20)	(93.68, 311.31)	0.002	145.70 (232.63)	(11.39, 280.03)	0.036	-3.75 (40.14)	(-18.22, 10.72)	0.601	86.717 1a,b,c,1
	Dyspnea post-test	-1.87 (3.44)	(-3.71, -0.04)	0.046	-2.29 (2.05)	(-3.47, -1.10)	0.001	0	-	1	17.854 1b,c,1
	UL fatigue post-test	0 (3.40)	(-1.81, 1.81)	1	-1.71 (2.05)	(-2.90, -0.53)	0.008	0	-	1	9.688 1a,c,1
Self-perceived health status
EQ-5D-5L VAS		14.35 (20.48)	(3.82, 24.88)	0.011	11.10 (22.07)	(0.77, 21.43)	0.037	-0.50 (2.64)	(-1.45, 0.45)	0.292	38.091 1a,b,c,1
EQ-5D-5L index		0.14 (0.35)	(0.07,0.21)	< 0.001	0.28 (0.46)	(0.11, 0.46)	0.003	0	-	1	9.686 1a,c,1

Variables are expressed as mean (SD).

^aSignificant differences between low-risk and high-risk groups.

^bSignificant differences between low-risk group and control group.

^cSignificant differences between high-risk group and control group.

¹Global P value adjusted by multiplicity. 5STS: Five sit to stand test; CI: Confidence interval; EQ-5D-5L: Euroqol 5 dimensions 5 levels; FSS: Fatigue severity scale; LL: Lower limb; UL: Upper limb; UULEX: Unsupported upper-limb exercise; VAS: Visual analogue scale.