Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Crit Care Med. Sep 9, 2021; 10(5): 170-182
Published online Sep 9, 2021. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i5.170
Table 2 The models for studying interaction of host and environmental factors
The available models
Advantages
Disadvantages
Monolayer cell modelsSimplistic model; Easy to culture within short timesCells underneath the medium, no connection to other types of cells and no tight junctions; Non-optimal physiologic response; The growth kinetics of bacteria, fungal or virus on monolayer are known to be different from human body
Air liquid interface model Polarized differentiated airway epithelium containing ciliated epithelial cells, basal cells and mucus producing cells, mimicking human epithelium; It can be co-cultured with pathogens; Respiratory virus is known to show similar replication kinetics as in human body
3D human lung spheroid model 3D multicellular spheroids are small, tightly bound cellular aggregates that tend to form when cells are maintained under non-adherent conditions; Other cell types such as fibroblasts can be incorporated and can be co-cultured with pathogens
Animal modelsIn vivoHave ethical issues and many results cannot be replicated in human studies; High cost; Time consuming, not applicable to high-throughput studies