Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor expression in critical illness: A narrative review

Figure 2 Mineralocorticoid signaling. The mineralocorticoid receptor is localized in the cytosol and translocates into the nucleus after ligand binding. In the nucleus, the aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) complex recognizes specific DNA regions, and activates target gene expression. MR signaling induces inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis/remodeling, thereby causing tissue and organ damage. HRE: Hormone response element.