Chimeric antigen receptors: On the road to realising their full potential

Table 3 Clinical trials of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy of solid tumours and other diseases

Target	No. of trials	Diseases
HER2	7	Glioblastoma
		HER2 expressing solid tumours1
GD2	7	Neuroblastoma[34]
		GD2-expressing malignancy
		Osteosarcoma
		Melanoma
Mesothelin	4	Pancreatic cancer[40]
		Ovarian cancer
		Mesothelioma2
CEA	4	Breast cancer
		CEA expressing malignancy1
Folate receptor-α	1	Epithelial ovarian cancer[29]
EGFr	2	EGFr+ malignancy
		Glioblastoma
EGFr variant III	2	Glioblastoma
Carbonic anhydrase IX	1	Renal cell carcinoma[37]
Prostate-specific membrane antigen	2	Castrate-resistant prostate cancer
Interleukin-13 receptor α2	1	Glioma[43]
CD171 (L1 cell adhesion molecule)	1	Neuroblastoma
Extended ErbB family	1	Head and neck cancer3[20]
Fibroblast-activation protein	1	Mesothelioma
Glypican-3	1	Hepatocellular carcinoma
Pathogenic T-cell receptors	1	Type 1 diabetes4

(https://clinicaltrials.gov/accessed August 26^th, 2015 search terms: T cell gene cancer; chimeric and cancer; T-cell cancer and gene).

¹One Trial terminated due to toxicity;

²Trial includes the co-administration of CD19-targeted CAR T-cells to minimize anti-CAR antibody production; ³Intra-tumoural route in use to minimize toxicity;

⁴CAR targeted using a peptide + HLA-CD3ξ fusion; CAR: Chimeric antigen receptor; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; EGFr: Epidermal growth factor receptor.