Copyright
©The Author(s) 2015.
Figure 2 Cell surface GRP78 survival and apoptotic pathways in the tumor cell.
Pharmacological induction of cell surface GRP78 induces apoptosis by increase expression of CHOP/GADD153, a transcriptional target of both PERK and IRE (two of the 3 UPR sensors). In parallel, doxorubicin and tunicamycin induced cytochrome c release followed by the activation of caspase 3. ER: Endoplasmic reticulum.
- Citation: Hardy B, Raiter A. GRP78 expression beyond cellular stress: A biomarker for tumor manipulation. World J Immunol 2015; 5(2): 78-85
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2824/full/v5/i2/78.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5411/wji.v5.i2.78