Modulation of monocyte subsets in infectious diseases

Table 2 Functional characteristics of monocyte subsets

Functions	Classicalmonocytes	Intermediatemonocytes	Nonclassical-monocytes	Ref.
Phagocytosis	++	++	+	[25]
MHC II processing	+	++	+	[25]
Antigen presentation	+	++	+	[25]
CD4+ T cell proliferation	+	++	+	[25]
Transendothelial migration	-	-	++	[15]
Patrolling endothelium	-	-	++	[24]
Virus sensing	-	-	++	[24]
TNF production	+	-	++	[24]
IL-1β production	+	++	++	[24]
CCL2 production	++	-	-	[24]
IL-10 production	++	-	-	[24]

++: High; +: Median; -: Low. IL: Interleukin.