Historical evolution, overview, and therapeutic manipulation of co-stimulatory molecules

Table 3 Immunoglobulin super family co-stimulatory molecules studied in various diseases

Molecule	Disease	Alteration	Ref.
CD86	Rheumathoid arthritis	Increased expression in B cells	[16]
ICOSL	Combined immunodeficiency	Mutation	[17]
CTLA-4	Mycosis fungoides	Increased expression in T cells	[18]
CD28	Tuberculosis	Decreased expression in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells	[19]
CD28	Graves’ disease	Increased expression in T cells	[20]

CTLA: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen; ICOSL: Inducible T cell co-stimulator ligand.