Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for treatment of voiding dysfunction: An overview of experimental and clinical evidence

Table 1 Initial evidence based in epidemiological studies of a common pathophysiology between lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction

Ref.	Number of participants	Major conclusion
Cologne Male Survey
Braun et al[6]	4000	72.2% of patients with ED had concomitant LUTS Only 37.7% had LUTS without ED
Population-based cohort study in Brazil
Moreira et al[7]	602	Incidence of ED was 65.5 cases per 1000 person-years Relative risk of ED was 1.8-7.5 in patients with LUTS
Sexual dysfunction in European men
Vallancien et al[8]	1274	Prevalence ED-Mild (55%), severe (70%) LUTS Prevalence of ED was 55% in men with mild LUTS and increased to 70% in severe LUTS
Association of LUTS in Japanese men with erectile dysfunction
Terai et al[9]	3189	Severity of ED was significantly associated with moderate to severe IPSS, RR = 1.5 which persisted after adjustment for age
Boston Area Community Health survey
Brookes et al[10]	2301	Strong association was observed between the AUA-SI associated to ED and ED after adjusting for age

ED: Erectile dysfunction; LUTS: Lower urinary tract symptoms; RR: Relative risk; IPSS: International Prostatic Score Symptoms; AUA-SI: American Urological Association Symptom Index.