Laparoendoscopic single site, laparoscopic or open surgery for adrenal tumors: Selecting the optimal approach

Table 4 Laparoendoscopic single-site adrenalectomy vs minimally-invasive adrenalectomy: Overview of the outcomes from available comparative studies (adapted from Rane et al[8] and Wang et al[41])

Ref.	N	Mean tumor size (cm)	ACC or MET (%)1	OT (min)	EBL (mL)	LOS (d)	Conversion (%)	Complications (%)
Jeong et al[36]	9 TLESS-A	2.9	0	169	178	3.2	11 (1 to MI-A)	11
	17 MI-A	4.3	0	145	205	3.5	5.8 (1 to OS-A)	5.8
Walz et al[40]	47 RLESS-A	2.3	2.1	56	< 10	2.4	8.5 (to TLESS-A)	8.5
	47 TLESS-A	2.6	0	40	< 10	3.1	0	6.4
Ishida et al[39]	10 TLESS-A	2.8	0	125	12	5.2	0	0
	10 MI-A	4.5	0	120	15	6.9	0	0
Shi et al[38]	19 RLESS-A	2.1	0	55	30	6	0	11
	38 MI-A	2.4	0	42	18	6	0	7.9
Kwak et al[123]	10 TLESS-A	3.3	0	127	-	4.5	0	10
	12 MI-A	3	8	113	-	4.1	0	-
Vidal et al[124]	20 TLESS-A	3	0	95	Min	3.0	0	0
	20 TL-A	3	0	80	Min	2.5	0	0
Wang et al[125]	13 TLESS-A	2	7.7	149	79	5.2	0	31
	26 TL-A	2.4	0	113	93	6.3	0	12
Tunca et al[126]	22 TLESS-A	3.3	0	64	48	2.45	-	0
	74 TL-A	4.7	4.1	68	38	3	-	0
Lin et al[127]	21 RLESS-A	-	0	145	Min	2	0	0
	28 MI-A	-	0	95	50	4	0	3.6

¹Preoperative indication of ACC or isolated adrenal metastasis. ACC: Adrenocortical carcinoma; MET: Metastasis to adrenal gland; OT: Operative time; EBL: Estimated blood loss; LOS: Length of hospital stay; TLESS-A: Transperitoneal LESS-A; RLESS-A: Retroperitoneal LESS-A.