Off-label-use of sulfur-hexafluoride in voiding urosonography for diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in children: A survey on adverse events

Table 1 Description of adverse events reported after 531 voiding urosonography in children

Adverse event	Severity	Total (n, %)	Age (range)	Gender (f/m, n)	Duration	Onset
Urinary tract infection	Minor/moderate	3 (0.6%)	1 mo-6.2 yr	f (2), m (1)	24-72 h	Subacute
Perineal erythema	Minor	5 (0.9%)	1 mo-2.4 yr	f (4), m (1)	< 24 h	Subacute
			21 mo		24-48 h	Subacute
Discomfort due to catheterization	Minor	5 (0.9%)	2 mo-5.8 yr	f (4), m (1)	< 24 h	Subacute
Symptoms of a common cold	Minor	4 (0.7%)	1.3-4.5 yr	f (3), m (1)	< 24 h	Subacute
Hints for hypersensitivity
Perineal urticaria	Minor	3 (0.5%)	6 mo-3.8 yr	f (2), m (1)	< 24 h	Subacute
Isolated, mild fever	Minor	2 (0.4%)	2-6.2 yr	f (2)	< 24 h	Subacute