Expression of pain and distress in children during dental extractions through drawings as a projective measure: A clinical study

Table 4 Differences between/among scores (faces, leg, activity, cry, consolability dcale and frankl) in groups divided based on age, gender and accompanying person

Variables	Groups	Mean ± SD	One way ANOVA P valve	Post hoc comparisons	Post hoc P valve
FLACC (LA)	Age groups (4-6, > 6-9, > 9-13)	4-6: 3.9 ± 1.9	< 0.012	4-6 vs > 6-9	0.97NS
		> 6-9: 3.7 ± 2.2		> 6-9 vs > 9-13	< 0.012
		> 9-13: 2.3 ± 1.2		4-6 vs > 9-13	0.06NS
	Gender (boys and girls)	Boys: 2.9 ± 1.8	0.61NS	--	--
		Girls: 2.8 ± 1.6
	Accompanying person (mother, father, guardian)	Mother: 3.0 ± 1.6	0.60NS	Mother vs father	0.62NS
		Father: 2.6 ± 1.8		Mother vs guardian	1.00NS
		Guardian: 3.0 ± 1.9		Father vs guardian	0.75NS
FLACC (Ext)	Age groups (4-6, > 6-9, > 9-13)	4-6: 3.9 ± 2.8	< 0.012	4-6 vs > 6-9	0.67NS
		> 6-9: 3.2 ± 2.4		> 6-9 vs > 9-13	< 0.012
		> 9-13: 1.6 ± 1.5		4-6 vs > 9-13	0.012
	Gender (boys and girls)	Boys: 2.3 ± 2.2	0.93NS	--	--
		Girls: 2.2 ± 1.9
	Accompanying person (mother, father, guardian)	Mother: 2.5 ± 1.9	< 0.012	Mother vs father	0.021
		Father: 1.3 ± 1.5		Mother vs guardian	0.62NS
		Guardian: 3.0 ± 2.4		Father vs guardian	0.012
Frankl (total)	Age groups (4-6, > 6-9, > 9-13)	4-6: 3.4 ± 0.5	0.68NS	4-6 vs > 6-9	0.86NS
		> 6-9: 3.6 ± 0.7		> 6-9 vs > 9-13	0.69NS
		> 9-13: 3.7 ± 0.7		4-6 vs > 9-13	0.94NS
	Gender (boys and girls)	Boys: 3.7 ± 0.6	0.17NS	--	--
		Girls: 3.5± 0.8
	Accompanying person (mother, father, guardian)	Mother: 3.6 ± 0.7	0.17NS	Mother vs father	0.32NS
		Father: 3.8 ± 0.5		Mother vs guardian	0.82NS
		Guardian: 3.5 ± 0.7		Father vs guardian	0.22NS

¹Significant at 0.05 level;

²Significant at 0.01 level. FLACC: Faces, leg, activity, cry, consolability scale; LA: Local anaesthetic administration; Ext: Extractions; NS: Not significant.