Expression of pain and distress in children during dental extractions through drawings as a projective measure: A clinical study

Table 3 Differences between/among scores (Child drawing: Hospital scale and facial pain scale-revised) in groups divided based on age, gender and accompanying person

Variables	Groups	Mean ± SD	One way ANOVA P valve	Post hoc comparisons	Post hoc P valve
CD: H	Age groups (4-6, > 6-9, > 9-13)	4-6: 76.4 ± 16.1	0.61NS	4-6 vs > 6-9	1.00NS
		> 6-9: 76.1 ± 15.4		> 6-9 vs > 9-13	0.66NS
		> 9-13: 72.9 ± 16.7		4-6 vs > 9-13	0.86NS
	Gender (boys and girls)	Boys: 78.0 ± 15.3	0.011	--	--
		Girls: 69.4 ± 16.2
	Accompanying person (mother, father, guardian)	Mother: 72.6 ± 15.6	0.36NS	Mother vs father	0.38NS
		Father: 77.6 ± 17		Mother vs guardian	1.00NS
		Guardian: 72.9 ± 16.4		Father vs guardian	0.59NS
FPS-R (LA)	Age groups (4-6, > 6-9, > 9-13)	4-6: 6.0 ± 4.0	0.07NS	4-6 vs > 6-9	0.92NS
		> 6-9: 5.5 ± 3.8		> 6-9 vs > 9-13	0.14NS
		> 9-13: 4.1 ± 2.9		4-6 vs > 9-13	0.33NS
	Gender (boys and girls)	Boys: 5.0 ± 3.5	0.24NS	--	--
		Girls: 4.2 ± 3.1
	Accompanying person (mother, father, guardian)	Mother: 4.8 ± 3.9	0.63NS	Mother vs father	0.64NS
		Father: 4.1 ± 3.3		Mother vs guardian	1.00NS
		Guardian: 4.8 ± 3.6		Father vs guardian	0.80NS
FPS-R (Ext)	Age groups (4-6, > 6-9, > 9-13)	4-6: 6.0 ± 4.3	0.28NS	4-6 vs > 6-9	0.78NS
		> 6-9: 4.9 ± 3.9		> 6-9 vs > 9-13	0.54NS
		> 9-13: 4.0 ± 3.5		4-6 vs > 9-13	0.41NS
	Gender (boys and girls)	Boys: 4.7 ± 3.8	0.50NS	--	--
		Girls: 4.2 ± 3.6
	Accompanying person (mother, father, guardian)	Mother: 5.0 ± 3.9	0.06NS	Mother vs father	0.08NS
		Father: 3.1 ± 3.3		Mother vs guardian	1.00NS
		Guardian: 5.0 ± 3.4		Father vs guardian	0.70NS

¹Significant at 0.01 level. CD: H: Children drawing: Hospital scale; FPS-R: Facial pain scale-revised; L.A: Local anaesthetic administration; Ext: Extractions; NS: Not significant.