Response of levetiracetam in neonatal seizures

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of neonates receiving levetiracetam

	Patient 1	Patient 2	Patient 3	Patient 4	Patient 5	Patient 6	Patient 7	Patient 8	Patient 9	Patient 10	Patient 11	Patient 12
Gestation (wk)	38	39	35	38	41	29	36	23 6/7	30	39	36	40
Apgar score (1 and 5 min)	9, 10	9, 10	9, 10	9, 10	8, 10	7, 9	0, 0	4, 6	0, 0	0, 0	0, 0	4, 7
Age of seizure onset (days of life)	19	10	8	1	1	0	0	3	0	0	0	0
Etiology	GBS meningitis	HSV encephalitis	Suspected mitochond-rial	Hypoglycemia	Sulphite oxidase deficiency	E. Coli meningitis	HIE	HIE	HIE	HIE	HIE	HIE
Neuroimaging	Cystic encephalo-malacia	Cystic encephalo-malacia	Cystic encephalo-malacia	Normal	Cystic encephalo-malacia	Hydrocephalus with generalized atrophy	Cystic encephalo-malacia	Cystic encephalo-malacia	Peri-ventricular leukomalacia	Normal	Peri-ventricular leukomalacia	Diffuse cystic encephalo-malcia
Electrographic seizures	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Clinical status epilepticus	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
Hypothermia	-	-	-	-	-	-	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Anticonvulsant order	PHB/MDZ/LEV	PHB/LEV	PHB/LEV	PHB/LEV	PHB/LEV	PHB/MDZ/THI/LEV	PHB/MDZ/LEV	PHB/MDZ/LEV	PHB/MDZ/LEV	PHB/MDZ/LEV	PHB/MDZ/LEV	PHB/MDZ/LEV/THI
LEV loading dose (mg/kg)	15	20	10	7.5	10	10	15	16	18	10	8	20
Mm maintenance (mg/kg per day)	27	40	20	60	20	30	36	5	36	20	15	40
Seizure after 24 h	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Seizure after 72 h	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Anticonvulsant at discharge	LEV	TPM/LEV	PHB/LEV	PHB/LEV	Not applicable	TPM/LEV	Not applicable	LEV	LEV/TPM	LEV	PHB/LEV	PHB/LEV
Outcome	Mild delay	Severe delay	Severe delay	Normal	Death	Severe delay	Death	Severe delay	Moderate delay	Mild delay	Severe delay	Severe delay

GBS: Group B streptococcus; HSV: Herpes simplex virus; HIE: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; PHB: Phenobarbitone; MDZ: Midazolam; LEV: Levetiracetam; THI: Thiopentone; TPM: Topiramate.