Preventing medication errors in neonatology: Is it a dream?

Table 2 Epidemiology of medication errors in hospitalized neonates and children: Selected studies

Ref.	Study design	Clinical setting	Detection method	Studyperiod	Type ofmedication studied	MEs per1000 pt-days	MEs per100 admits	MEsper year
Raju et al[19], 1989	Prospective study	NICU, PICU	Incident/error reports	4 yr	All types	8.80	14.70	-
Vincer et al[20], 1989	Prospective study	NICU	Incident/error reports	2 yr	All types	13.40	-	-
Ross et al[21], 2000	Retrospective review	Ward, NICU, PICU	Incident/error reports	65 mo	All types	0.51	0.15	-
Kaushal et al[8], 2001	Prospective cohort study	Ward, NICU, PICU	Chart reviews	6 wk	All types	157	55	-
Frey et al[22], 2002	Prospective survey	NICU, PICU	Incident/error reports	1 yr	All types	-	-	284
King et al[23], 2003	Retrospective cohort study	Tertiary care pediatric hospital	Incident/error reports	6 yr	All types	4.49	-	-
Sangtawesin et al[24], 2003	Retrospective review	Pediatric hospital	Incident/error reports	15 mo	All types	-	1	-
Manias et al[25], 2014	Retrospective clinical audit	Ward, NICU, PICU	Incident/error reports	4 yr	All types	6.58	1.96	-

NICU: Neonatal intensive care unit; PICU: Pediatric intensive care unit; ME: Medication error.