Potential for treatment of severe autism in tuberous sclerosis complex

Table 2 Prevalence studies for autism in tuberous sclerosis complex

Instrument	Administration method(time)	Children with severe or profound ID included (Y/N)	Measured prevalence of autism in TSC (N)	Ref.
ADOS	Observation schedule (20-30 min)	N	29% (28) +ADI	[18]
			15-33% (4 age-based groups of 12-15)
ADI	Structured Interview (2-3 h)	Y-severe	54% (13)	[15,16]
			20% (20)
SRS	65-item Screening Questionnaire (15-20 min)	N (37 w/IQ data)	52% (21)	[22]
SCQ	40-item Screening Questionnaire (15-20 min)	Y-severe	43% (21)	[22]
Hunt and Dennis Questionnaire	321 item interview/13-item subset for autism (1-4 h)	Y-estimates only	50% (90)	[2,9,14,23]
			26% (23)
			24% (21)
			5% (131)
DSM III-R	Checklist (10-20 min)	Y-severe	61% (28)	[3]

These are reviewed studies reporting epidemiology of autism in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). ADI: Autism diagnostic interview; DSM: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; ADOS: Autism diagnostic observation schedule; SRS: Social responsiveness scale; SCQ: Social communication questionnaire; Y: Yes; N: No.