Psycho-gastroenterological profile of an Italian population of children with disorders of gut-brain interaction: A case-control study

Table 4 Comparison of scores between patients and healthy controls recruited in our study (mean ± SD)

	Cases	Controls	P value
GSCG	12.2 ± 8.1	6.9 ± 4.0	< 0.05
STAI Y-1	33.5 ± 12.1	48.6 ± 10.9	< 0.05
STAY Y-2	39.3 ± 10.7	47.4 ± 10.6	< 0.05
TAS-20	48.2 ± 8.0	51.8 ± 11.4	< 0.05
APEN-G	24.3 ± 6.8	22.1 ± 5.0	< 0.05
APEP-G	29.2 ± 2.9	28.8 ± 4.8	Not significant
IBS-QoL
Dysphoria	83.4 ± 12.8	96.3 ± 8.8	< 0.05
Interference with activity	73.2 ± 17.3	95.3 ± 8.4	< 0.05
Body image	87.0 ± 10.6	94.8 ± 9.4	< 0.05
Health worry	83.9 ± 14.5	93.6 ± 11.3	< 0.05
Food avoidance	66.0 ± 17.7	89.7 ± 17.5	< 0.05
Social reaction	81.2 ± 17.8	95.7 ± 9.6	< 0.05
Sexual	99.11 ± 3.2	98.9 ± 6.0	Not significant
Relationships	78.5 ± 21.2	96.3 ± 7.8	< 0.05
Overall	80.5 ± 12.0	95.2 ± 7.7	< 0.05

GSCG: Gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale; STAI Y: State-trait anxiety inventory Y; TAS-20: Toronto alexithymia scale; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; QoL: Quality of life.