Clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic differences between immunoglobulin E-mediated and non-immunoglobulin E-mediated cow’s milk protein allergy in children

Table 1 Demographic data in children with cow’s milk protein allergy, n (%)

Variables	Total, n = 595 (100)	IgE-mediated, n = 135 (22.7)	Non-IgE-mediated, n = 460 (77.3)	P value
Nationality				1.000a
Bahraini	558 (93.8)	127 (94.1)	431 (93.7)
Non-Bahraini	37 (6.2)	8 (5.9)	29 (6.3)
Governorate
Northern	66 (48.9)	228 (49.6)	294 (49.4)	0.536b
Capital	39 (28.9)	115 (25.0)	154 (25.9)
Muharraq	18 (13.3)	57 (12.4)	75 (12.6)
Southern	12 (8.9)	60 (13.0)	72 (12.1)
Sex				0.030a
Male	329 (55.3)	86 (63.7)	243 (52.8)
Female	266 (44.7)	49 (36.3)	217 (47.2)
Gestational age (n = 539)				0.418a
Full term	445 (82.6)	104 (85.2)	341 (81.8)
Preterm	94 (17.4)	18 (14.8)	76 (18.2)
Delivery (n = 530)				0.914a
Normal delivery	333 (62.8)	75 (63.6)	258 (62.6)
Cesarean section	197 (37.2)	43 (36.4)	154 (37.4)
Birth weight (kg) (n = 512)	2.9 (2.5-3.3)	2.9 (2.5-3.3)	2.9 (2.5-3.3)	0.626c
Birth weight group (kg) (n = 512)				0.701a
< 2.5	111 (21.7)	27 (23.3)	84 (21.2)
≥ 2.5	401 (78.3)	89 (76.7)	312 (78.8)
Age at presentation (months) (n = 589)	3 (2-5)	4 (2-7)	3 (2-5)	0.009c
Age group (months) (n = 589)				0.031b
< 6	464 (78.0)	93 (68.9)	371 (80.7)
6-12	102 (17.1)	34 (25.2)	68 (14.8)
13-24	25 (4.2)	7 (5.2)	18 (3.9)
> 24	4 (0.7)	1 (0.7)	3 (0.7)
Associated diseases1	226 (38.0)	70 (51.9)	156 (33.9)	< 0.001a
Number of outpatient visits	4 (2-7)	5 (3-7)	4 (2-7)	0.123c
Follow-up duration (months)	11.8 (5.5-18.2)	13.5 (8.3-21.8)	11.3 (5.0-16.9)	< 0.001c
Age at last follow-up (years)	1.3 (0.8-1.9)	1.6 (1.1-2.2)	1.2 (0.8-1.8)	< 0.001c
Age group at last follow-up (years)				< 0.001b
< 1	25 (18.5)	171 (37.2)	196 (32.9)
1-3	92 (68.1)	254 (55.2)	346 (58.2)
4-6	16 (11.9)	27 (5.9)	43 (7.2)
> 6	2 (1.5)	8 (1.7)	10 (1.7)
FH of allergies2	222 (37.3)	59 (43.7)	163 (35.4)	0.086a
FH of food allergy	159 (26.7)	41 (69.5)	118 (72.4)	0.737a
FH of cow’s milk allergy	130 (21.8)	29 (49.2)	101 (62.0)	0.092a
FH of other allergies3	89 (15.0)	25 (42.4)	64 (39.3)	0.757a

Data are presented as numbers and percentages or median and interquartile range. Boldface indicates a statistically significant difference with P < 0.05.

^aFisher’s exact test.

^bPearson’s χ² test.

^cMann-Whitney U test.

¹Supplementary Table 1.

²Some patients had more than one type of allergy.

³Bronchial asthma (n = 44), eczema (n = 31), rhinitis (n = 9), atopy (n = 5), drug allergy (n = 3), sinusitis, celiac disease, lactose intolerance, dust allergy (n = 2), powder allergy, psoriasis, allergy, urticaria, pet’s allergy (n = 1).

FH: Family history; IgE: Immunoglobulin E.