Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Clin Pediatr. Dec 9, 2024; 13(4): 91638
Published online Dec 9, 2024. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i4.91638
Table 4 Distribution of factors associated with overweight and/or obesity among older adolescents
Variables
Normal/thin, n = 125725
Overweight/obesity, n = 8621
Unadjusted RR (95%CI)
Adjusted RR (95%CI)
Age in years, mean (SD)16.99 (1.40)17.03 (1.42)1.02 (1.001-1.04)a1.01 (0.99-1.03)
Sex
Male14666 (92.11)1211 (7.89)1.17 (1.06-1.29)a1.10 (1.01-1.20)a
Female111059 (93.25)7410 (6.75)ReferenceReference
Respondents’ education
No education5068 (96.24)213 (3.76)ReferenceReference
Primary education7092 (95.48)343 (4.52)1.20 (0.97-1.50)1.08 (0.86-1.35)
Secondary education106285 (92.96)7397 (7.04)1.87 (1.57-2.24)b1.28 (1.06-1.54)a
Higher education7266 (91.25)667 (8.75)2.33 (1.91-2.85)b1.26 (1.02-1.56)a
Religion
Hindu93663 (93.5)6088 (6.5)ReferenceReference
Muslim16969 (91.78)1353 (8.22)1.27 (1.15-1.40)b1.21 (1.10-1.34)b
Others13385 (90.81)1086 (9.19)1.41 (1.25-1.60)b1.18 (1.04-1.33)a
Residence
Urban26192 (89.28)3028 (10.72)1.97 (1.84-2.12)b1.28 (1.18-1.38)b
Rural99533 (94.57)5593 (5.43)ReferenceReference
Wealth index
Poorest31167 (96.82)1013 (3.18)ReferenceReference
Poorer31730 (95.26)1615 (4.74)1.49 (1.33-1.67)b1.45 (1.29-1.63)b
Middle26511 (93.11)1911 (6.89)2.17 (1.93-2.43)b2.00 (1.77-2.25)b
Richer21175 (90.65)2001 (9.35)2.94 (2.63-3.29)b2.49 (2.22-2.80)b
Richest15142 (87.17)2081 (12.83)4.04 (3.61-4.51)b3.24 (2.86-3.67)b
Tobacco consumption
No122540 (93.08)8446 (6.92)ReferenceReference
Yes3108 (95.33)168 (4.67)0.67 (0.53-0.86)a0.96 (0.74-1.25)
Alcohol usage
No124667 (93.1)8563 (6.9)ReferenceReference
Yes992 (95.62)52 (4.38)0.64 (0.42-0.96)a0.78 (0.50-1.21)
Incident DM
No124060 (93.21)8430 (6.79)ReferenceReference
Yes331 (81.82)57 (18.18)2.68 (1.97-3.62)b2.43 (1.82-3.24)b