Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Clin Pediatr. Sep 9, 2024; 13(3): 94721
Published online Sep 9, 2024. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i3.94721
Table 1 Characteristics of studied groups, n (%)

Control, n = 85
With obesity, n = 85
P value
Age of enrolment (years)mean ± SD10.35 ± 2.3310.48 ± 2.340.7431
Median [IQR]10.00 [9.00-12.00]10.00 [8.50-12.00]
SexMale46 (54.1)35 (41.2)0.0912
Female39 (45.9)50 (58.8)
Family historyDM19 (22.4)33 (39.3)0.023a,3; 0.002a,3; < 0.001a,3
HTN15 (17.9)34 (40.0)
Obesity3 (3.6)42 (49.4)
weight Z-score (SD)mean ± SD0.12 ± 0.722.32 ± 0.28< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]0.29 [-0.33 to 0.70]2.30 [2.10 to 2.42]
Height Z-score (SD)mean ± SD-0.05 ± 0.760.78 ± 0.66< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]-0.14 [-0.65 to 0.36]0.62 [0.24 to 1.40]
BMI (kg/m2)mean ± SD18.00 ± 2.6028.32 ± 3.51< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]17.80 [16.00-19.50]28.40 [25.80-30.50]
BMI Z-score (SD)mean ± SD0.22 ± 0.782.24 ± 0.19< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]0.36 [0.00-0.82]2.20 [2.10-2.36]
Waist circumference (cm)mean ± SD60.44 ± 3.8688.08 ± 8.71< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]60.00 [57.50-62.00]86.00 [81.00-94.00]
Waist circumference (centile)mean ± SD38.36 ± 13.2796.45 ± 2.31< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]43.00 [26.30-49.10]97.00 [95.80-98.00]
W/H ratiomean ± SD0.43 ± 0.020.60 ± 0.04< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]0.43 [0.41-0.44]0.60 [0.57-0.63]
W/H ratio (centile)mean ± SD33.27 ± 15.9395.39 ± 3.38< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]30.80 [18.70-50.00]96.00 [93.60-97.80]
SBP (centile)mean ± SD51.76 ± 13.9554.89 ± 18.980.2003
Median [IQR]51.00 [46.00-58.00]55.00 [49.00-61.00]
DBP (centile)mean ± SD53.72 ± 13.4554.36 ± 14.801.0003
Median [IQR]47.00 [43.00-59.00]51.00 [48.00-66.00]
ALT (U/L)mean ± SD24.44 ± 3.5424.75 ± 7.681.0003
Median [IQR]26.00 [22.00-27.00]24.00 [22.00-26.00]
AST (U/L)mean ± SD22.42 ± 4.2023.20 ± 5.650.3003
Median [IQR]22.00 [18.00-26.00]22.00 [19.00-26.00]
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)mean ± SD145.91 ± 14.21156.86 ± 23.93< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]146.00 [138.00-159.00]151.00 [143.00-165.00]
HDL-C (mg/dL)mean ± SD48.25 ± 3.8840.66 ± 3.03< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]47.00 [45.00-50.00]42.00 [40.00-42.00]
LDL-C (mg/dL)mean ± SD92.71 ± 11.60101.12 ± 19.680.001a,3
Median [IQR]94.00 [82.00-104.00]91.00 [85.00-110.00]
Triglycerides (mg/dL)mean ± SD75.65 ± 16.95109.12 ± 28.24< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]73.00 [60.00-89.00]103.00 [89.00-115.00]
VAImean ± SD0.94 ± 0.221.70 ± 0.57< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]1.01 [0.76-1.05]1.63 [1.11-2.20]
Serum insulin (uIU/mL)mean ± SD8.05 ± 2.0917.23 ± 7.50< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]8.00 [6.20-8.90]17.20 [11.60-19.70]
FBS (mg/dL)mean ± SD72.04 ± 6.9781.37 ± 15.21< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]71.00 [68.00-74.00]80.00 [70.00- 5.00]
HOMA-IRmean ± SD1.42 ± 0.423.51 ± 1.85< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]1.40 [1.20-1.60]3.50 [2.10-4.00]
SEPP1 (ng/mL)mean ± SD70.97 ± 6.4912.12 ± 10.92< 0.001a,3
Median [IQR]69.47 [65.89-77.42]7.69 [5.82-13.99]
Insulin resistancePresent5 (5.9)39 (45.9)< 0.001a,3
Absent80 (94.1)46 (54.1)