Clinical and laboratory features of juvenile idiopathic arthritis with wrist involvement: Results of a retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Comparative characteristics of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis with unilateral or bilateral wrist involvement

Parameters	Unilateral, n = 83	Bilateral, n = 121	P value
Demography
Sex, female	65 (78.3)	84 (69.4)	0.160
JIA onset age in years Me (25%-75%)	5.4 (2.9-10.0)	5.0 (2.8-8.9)	0.578
JIA duration in years Me (25%-75%)	4.8 (2.5-7.9)	5.9 (3.0-10.0)	0.231
Age of the inclusion in the study in years, Me (25%-75%)	11.7 (8.4-17.3)	13.7 (8.8-17.0)	0.368
Uveitis	9 (10.8)	6 (5.0)	0.114
Laboratory
ANA-positivity	31/54 (57.4)	24/72 (33.3)	0.031
HLA B27-positivity	11/33 (33.3)	10/42 (23.8)	0.362
RF-positivity	2/50 (4.0)	5/68 (7.4)	0.720
ESR in mm/h, Me (25%-75%)	11.0 (4.0-30.0)	12.5 (5.0-26.0)	0.746
C-reactive protein in mg/L, Me (25%-75%)	1.5 (0.2-11.6)	4.4 (0.4-36.0)	0.027
White blood cells as × 109/L, Me (25%-75%)	7.4 (6.1-9.4)	7.5 (6.0-10.6)	0.416
Platelets as × 109/L, Me (25%-75%)	345 (291-419)	335 (263-448)	0.905
Hemoglobin in g/L, Me (25%-75%)	121 (107-128)	121 (105-129)	0.880
Joint involvement
Active joints, Me (25%-75%)	9 (6-13)	23 (12-34)	0.0000001
Cervical spine	12 (14.5)	50 (41.3)	0.00004
TMJ	4 (4.8)	19 (15.7)	0.016
SCJ	2 (2.4)	4 (3.3)	0.710
Shoulder	5 (6.0)	33 (27.3)	0.0001
Elbow	14 (17.1)	60 (49.6)	0.000002
MCP	29 (34.9)	67 (55.4)	0.004
PIP	36 (43.4)	73 (60.3)	0.017
DIP	10 (12.1)	27 (22.3)	0.062
Hip	12 (14.5)	43 (35.5)	0.0009
Hip osteoarthritis	4/12 (33.3)	9/43 (20.9)	0.371
Hip prosthetics	2/12 (16.7)	9/43 (20.9)	0.744
Time before hip osteoarthritis, Me (25%-75%)	8.2 (4.4-11.7)	5.2 (4.7-10.2)	0.972
Sacroiliac	5 (6.0)	10 (8.3)	0.547
Knee	43 (51.8)	98 (81)	0.000009
Ankle	33 (39.8)	89 (73.6)	0.000001
Subtalar	4 (4.8)	17 (14.1)	0.033
Tarsus	4 (4.8)	16 (13.2)	0.047
MTP	10 (12.1)	21 (17.4)	0.300
Interphalangeal foot	11 (13.3)	20 (16.5)	0.522
Treatment and outcomes
NSAID	72 (86.8)	100 (82.6)	0.429
Any joints IACI	42 (50.6)	35 (28.9)	0.002
Oral GCS	23 (27.7)	55 (45.5)	0.010
GCS pulse therapy	23 (27.7)	44 (36.4)	0.182
Any GCS treatment	60 (40.7)	82 (59.3)	0.490
Cumulative dose of GCS in mg, Me (25%-75%)	3000 (1000-6000)	3000 (1135-5625)	0.668
Methotrexate	72 (92.8)	102 (84.3)	0.628
Sulphasalazine	12 (14.5)	16 (13.2)	0.801
Leflunomide	1 (1.2)	5 (4.1)	0.235
Cyclosporine A	5 (6.0)	21 (17.4)	0.017
Biologics	41 (49.4)	84 (69.4)	0.004
Time before biologics in years, Me (25%-75%)	5.0 (1.8-8.2)	3.67 (1.1-7.7)	0.187
Remission	48 (57.8)	70 (57.9)	0.998
Time before remission in years, Me (25%-75%)	3.8 (1.8-7.4)	4.2 (1.7-8.6)	0.471
Flare	11 (13.3)	17 (14.1)	0.871

Data are n (%). ANA: Antinuclear antibodies; DIP: Distal interphalangeal joints; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GCS: Glucocorticosteroids; JIA: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; Me: Median; MCP: Metacarpophalangeal joints; MTP: Metatarsophalangeal joints; NSAIDs: Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs; PIP: Proximal interphalangeal joints; RF: Rheumatoid factor; SCJ: Sternoclavicular joint; TMJ: Temporomandibular joint.