Clinical and laboratory features of juvenile idiopathic arthritis with wrist involvement: Results of a retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Comparative characteristics of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis with and without wrist arthritis

Parameters	Whole group, n = 753	Wrist arthritis, yes, n = 204	No wrist arthritis, n = 549	P value
Demography
Sex, females	457 (60.7)	149 (73.0)	308 (56.1)	0.00002
JIA onset age in years Me (25%-75%)	6.0 (3.0-10.4)	5.1 (2.8-9.4)	6.3 (3.0-10.7)	0.064
JIA duration in years Me (25%-75%)	4.3 (1.9-7.5)	5.3 (2.9-8.9)	3.7 (1.7-7.1)	0.00004
Age of the inclusion in the study, Me (25%-75%)	12.3 (7.9-16.5)	13.1 (8.7-17.0)	12.0 (7.4-16.3)	0.032
JIA category				0.000001
Oligoarthritis	204 (27.1)	12 (5.9)	192 (35.0)
Polyarthritis	265 (35.2)	119 (58.3)	146 (26.6)
Psoriatic arthritis	40 (5.3)	6 (2.9)	34 (6.2)
Enthesitis-related arthritis	186 (24.7)	33 (16.2)	153 (27.8)
Systemic arthritis	58 (7.7)	34 (16.7)	24 (4.4)
Uveitis	116 (15.4)	15 (7.4)	101 (18.4)	0.0002
Anthropometry
Height, %, Me (25%-75%)	137 (111-157)	43.1 (17.8-74.4)	56.1 (26.9-78.0)	0.022
Height, SD, Me (25%-75%)	0.11 (-0.7-0.8)	-0.15 (-1.0-0.7)	0.17 (-0.6. 0.9)	0.038
Weight in kg, Me (25%-75%)	31.5 (19.0-50.0)	28.0 (19.5-46.5)	33.0 (19.0-51.5)	0.385
Body mass index, SD, Me (25%-75%)	0.04 (-0.8-0.9)	-0.23 (-1.1-0.8)	0.09 (-0.7-0.9)	0.037
Laboratory
ANA-positivity	212/460 (46.1)	55/126 (43.7)	157/334 (47.1)	0.713
HLA B27-positivity	100/308 (32.5)	21/75 (28.0)	79/233 (33.9)	0.530
RF-positivity	22/406 (5.4)	7/118 (5.9)	15/288 (5.2)	0.377
ESR, mm/h, Me (25%-75%)	8.0 (3.0-20.0)	12.0 (5.0-29.5)	7.0 (3.0-17.0)	0.000002
C-reactive protein in mg/L, Me (25%-75%)	1.4 (0.2-8.0)	3.3 (0.2-19.5)	1.0 (0.0-6.0)	0.00003
White blood cells as × 109/L, Me (25%-75%)	7.1 (5.8-9.4)	7.4 (6.0-9.9)	7.0 (5.8-9.2)	0.056
Platelets as × 109/L, Me (25%-75%)	311 (255-388)	342 (278-433)	302 (253-373)	0.00006
Hemoglobin in g/L, Me (25%-75%)	124 (116-132)	121 (105-128)	126 (118-134)	0.000001
Joint involvement
Wrist arthritis, unilateral	204 (27,1)	83 (40.7)	-	-
Active joints, Me (25%-75%)	6 (3-12)	14 (8-25)	4 (2-8)	0.0000001
Cervical spine	101 (13.4)	62 (30.4)	39 (7.1)	0.0000001
TMJ	43 (5.7)	23 (11.3)	20 (3.6)	0.00006
SCJ	12 (1.6)	6 (2.9)	6 (1.1)	0.072
Shoulder	56 (7.4)	38 (18.6)	18 (3.3)	0.0000001
Elbow	120 (15.9)	74 (36.5)	46 (8.4)	0.000001
MCP	164 (21.8)	96 (47.1)	68 (12.4)	0.000001
PIP	192 (25.5)	109 (53.4)	83 (15.1)	0.000001
DIP	70 (9.3)	37 (18.1)	33 (6.0)	0.0000001
Hip	153 (20.3)	55 (27.0)	98 (17.9)	0.006
Hip osteoarthritis	48/153 (31.4)	24/55 (43.6)	24/98 (24.5)	0.014
Hip prosthetics	16/153 (10.5)	11/55 (20.0)	5/98 (5.3)	0.005
Time before hip osteoarthritis, Me (25%-75%)	5.0 (2.4-9.4)	5.7 (4.5-11.7)	2.3 (1.5-5.9)	0.0009
Sacroiliac	71 (9.4)	15 (7.4)	56 (10.2)	0.232
Knee	535 (72.8)	141 (69.1)	394 (71.9)	0.454
Ankle	323 (42.9)	122 (59.8)	201 (36.6)	0.0000001
Subtalar	62 (8.2)	21 (10.3)	41 (7.5)	0.210
Tarsus	43 (5.7)	20 (9.8)	23 (4.2)	0.003
MTP	98 (13.0)	31 (15.2)	67 (12.2)	0.278
Interphalangeal foot	94 (12.8)	31 (15.2)	63 (11.5)	0.170
Treatment and outcomes
NSAID	651 (86.5)	172 (84.3)	479 (87.3)	0.295
Any joints IACI	314 (41.7)	77 (37.8)	237 (43.2)	0.180
Oral GCS	152 (20.2)	78 (38.2)	74 (13.5)	0.0000001
GCS pulse therapy	135 (17.9)	67 (33.0)	68 (12.4)	0.0000001
Any GCS treatment	445 (59.1)	142 (69.6)	303 (55.2)	0.0003
Cumulative dose of GCS in mg, Me (25%-75%)	2650 (1000-5000)	3000 (1000-6000)	1750 (900-4000)	0.048
Methotrexate	573 (76.1)	174 (85.3)	399 (72.7)	0.0003
Sulphasalazine	137 (18.2)	28 (13.7)	109 (19.9)	0.053
Leflunomide	7 (9.2)	6 (2.9)	1 (0.2)	0.0005
Cyclosporine A	53 (7.0)	26 (12.8)	27 (4.9)	0.0002
Biologics	351 (46.6)	125 (61.3)	226 (41.2)	0.000001
Time before biologics in years, Me (25%-75%)	4.2 (1,9-7.8)	3.9 (1.5-8.0)	4.3 (2.0-7.6)	0.464
Remission	485 (64.4)	118 (57.8)	367 (66.9)	0.022
Time before remission in years, Me (25%-75%)	3.2 (1.5-6.6)	4.1 (1.8-7.9)	3.0 (1.4-6.1)	0.002
Flare	138 (18.3)	28 (13.7)	110 (20.1)	0.046

Data are n (%). ANA: Antinuclear antibodies; DIP: Distal interphalangeal joints; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GCS: Glucocorticosteroids; JIA: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; IACI: Intraarticular joint injections; Me: Median; MCP: Metacarpophalangeal joints; MTP: Metatarsophalangeal joints; NSAIDs: Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs; PIP: Proximal interphalangeal joints; RF: Rheumatoid factor; SCJ: Sternoclavicular joint; TMJ: Temporomandibular joint.