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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Clin Pediatr. Jun 9, 2024; 13(2): 93341
Published online Jun 9, 2024. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.93341
Published online Jun 9, 2024. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.93341
Cited literature | Gastrointestinal disease | Population | Calprotectin level | Changes in fecal calprotectin levels |
Flagstad et al[52], 2010 | FGID | Children between 4 and 15 yr | 16 μg/g | No significant differences in FC levels between children with FGIDs and those without |
Rhoads et al[61], 2009 | Infant colic | Infants | 413 +/- 71 μg/g vs 197 +/- 46 μg/g | FC levels were approximately twice as high in infants with colic compared to control infants |
Karabayır et al[62], 2021 | Infant colic | Infants | 651 µg/g and 354 µg/g, respectively | Significantly higher FC typical infant colic than in control infants |
Olafsdottir et al[64], 2002 | Infant colic | Infants | 278 +/- 105 μg/g vs 277 +/- 109 μg/g | No significant difference in FC levels was detected between infants with classic infant colic and healthy infants |
Pieczarkowski et al[72], 2018 | FGID and IBD | Children | 1191.5 μg/g. in IBD and 100 μg/g.in controls and patients with FIGDs | Patients with IBD and other inflammatory GI disorders had a significantly higher FC level than those in control |
Rashed et al[66], 2022 | Functional constipation | Children | 23.6 ± 21.8 μg/g | No significant differences compared with healthy control |
Mahjoub et al[67], 2013 | Functional constipation | Children | < 50 μg/g | FC was below the predetermined cutoff value of 50 μg/g |
Shelly et al[70], 2021 | GERD | Preterm babies | - | High levels of FC in preterm babies with GERD than in their peer controls |
Moorman et al[71], 2021 | FAPD | Children | ≥ 50 µg/g | Children with FAPDs have significantly high FC, especially those with a clinically complex FAPD profile |
Díaz et al[77], 2018 | Non-IgE-mediated CMPA | Infants | - | No significant differences with healthy control |
Zain-Alabedeen et al[78], 2023 | CMPA | Infants | 2934.57 µg/g vs 955.13 µg/g | Infants with positive CoMiSS had higher FC levels than those with negative CoMiSS scores with positive correlation between CoMiSS & FC |
Qiu et al[79], 2021 | CMPA | Infants | - | Significant FC reduction after dietary intervention |
Degraeuwe et al[85], 2015 | IBD | Children | was 212 µg/g | The best cut-off value to screen for IBD was 212 µg/g, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.90 and 0.87, respectively |
Foster et al[99], 2019 | Crohn's disease | Children | 250 µg/g | FC levels above 250 µg/g in children with Crohn's disease on Infliximab therapy may signify a risk of clinical relapse within three months |
Balamtekın et al[104], 2012 | Coeliac disease | Newly diagnosed children | 117.2 μg/g in patients vs 3.7 μg/g in controls | Elevated levels compared to healthy controls and those on gluten-free diets. It is also higher in children with GI symptoms than those without |
Shahramian et al[106], 2019 | Coeliac disease | Newly diagnosed children | 239.1 ± 177.3 μg/g vs 38.5 ± 34.6 μg/g in controls | a significant correlation between FC level and IgA ATGA titers |
Montalto et al[107], 2007 | Coeliac disease | Adults | - | No significant differences in FC levels between untreated adults with coeliac disease and the control and no significant relation between FC and lesion severity, clinical score, or degree of neutrophil infiltration |
Szaflarska-Popławska et al[108], 2020 | Coeliac disease | Newly diagnosed children | 91.7 ± 144.8 µg/g | No significant relationship between FC and both the clinical picture and small intestinal lesions |
Ojetti et al[114], 2020 | COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal disorders | Adults with COVID-19 | > 50 µg/g | Elevated levels associated with varying degrees of intestinal inflammation, including subclinical cases |
Shokri-Afra et al[115], 2021 | COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal disorders | Adults with COVID-19 | 124.3 vs 25.0 µg/g | Serum and FC levels are not correlated with diarrhea or other gastrointestinal symptoms |
Sýkora et al[127], 2010 | Acute gastroenteritis | Children under 3 yr | 219 μg/g in bacterial vs 49.3 μg/g in viral | FC can help tell if the AGE is caused by bacteria or viruses |
Duman et al[128], 2015 | Infectious gastroenteritis | Children with bacterial gastroenteritis | 710 μg/g | Higher and persistent elevation compared to viral gastroenteritis, correlates with the severity and persistence of symptoms |
Czub et al[129], 2014 | Infectious gastroenteritis | Hospitalized children with severe gastroenteritis | 20 (viral) vs 55 (Bacterial) vs 4 (healthy control) ug/mL | FC cannot differentiate between severe viral from bacterial gastroenteritis |
Rumman et al[139], 2014 | Cystic fibrosis | Children with cystic fibrosis | 94.29 μg/g | Elevated levels reflect bacterial overgrowth and correlate with the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms |
- Citation: Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, Elbeltagi R. Fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases: Pros and cons. World J Clin Pediatr 2024; 13(2): 93341
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v13/i2/93341.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.93341