Sociodemographic determinants associated with breastfeeding in term infants with low birth weight in Latin American countries

Table 3 Individual characteristics related to self-efficacy for breastfeeding maintenance and adherence in low-birth-weight term infants in Latin America

Ref.	Reason for BF desertion/difficulties	Barriers	Enablers
Lizarazo et al[2], 2023	Perception of low milk production. Newborn's feeling of not satiety. Newborn rejection. Maternal decision	Mother's mood as an influence on BF practice. Work commitments	Family support for housework
Ortelan et al[18], 2020	Age, education, multiparity	Inadequate supplementary feeding	High educational level
Agudelo et al[23], 2021	Supported to stimulate BF in the first hour of life	Interference with newborn routines; availability of time for skin-to-skin contact at birth; obesity; smoking	Educational support. Immediate skin-to-skin contact in the maternity ward
Montoya et al[24], 2020	Newborn hospitalization for low birth weight. Maternal hospitalization. BF technique. No previous experience in BF	Feeding with milk substitutes suggested by health personnel	Mother's willingness to breastfeed. Support from family and health personnel. Mother's previous BF experience
Charpak and Montealegre-Pomar[25], 2023	Respiratory pathology of the newborn	Pathologies of the newborn	Monitoring and follow-up of the health of low-birth-weight newborns and maternal care in mother Kangaroo programs.
Sequeiros et al[26], 2023	Lack of knowledge of BF during pregnancy	Mothers with higher education. Infant only child. Age < 18 years. Birth by caesarean section	Early BF training during pregnancy. Early initiation of BF
Ortiz Romaní and Loayza Alarico[20], 2023	Cesarean delivery. First gestation. Pre-milk feeding of the newborn	Lack of BF skills. Limitations for skin-to-skin contact in the first hour of life	Develop skills and abilities in relation to the promotion of BF. Management of the mother's own symptoms that are contemplated in the different prenatal services and delivery room
Wormald et al[19], 2021	Manifestation of emotional symptoms	Exposure to triggers for depression or anxiety	Self-efficacy
Javela Rugeles et al[21], 2019	Newborn comorbidities	Extreme ages. No support during the first month of the newborn's life	Family support
Mangialavori et al[22], 2022	Cesarean delivery	Limitations to BF in the first hour of life. Separation of mother-infant dyad > 4 h	Educational level

BF: Breastfeeding.