Sociodemographic determinants associated with breastfeeding in term infants with low birth weight in Latin American countries

Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics and proximal determinants associated with breastfeeding outcomes in low-birth-weight term infants in Latin America

Ref.	BF results	Mother's socio-demographic characteristics			Associated proximate determinants
		Age	Education	Social stratum
Lizarazo et al[2], 2023	Information on prenatal BF: 67%. No information on BF: 32.3%. 1-4 prenatal checkups: 43.5%. More than 4 controls: 13.7%. Time to initiation of BF at birth: < 1 h: 33.9%. 1-12 h: 33.1%. > 12 h: 33%. Previous history of BF. BF up to 6 months: 58.5%. BF between 3 and 6 months: 18.5%. No previous BF: 7.1%	Average 28 ± 7.3 years	High School: 38.7%. Technical education: 19.4%. Professional: 31.5%	Low stratum: 31.5%. Very low stratum: 40.3%	Work-related causes: 10.5%. Study: 0.8%. Partially absent mother: 0.8%
Ortelan et al[18], 2020	BF prevalence: 54.5%	Age in years (%). < 20: 18.1%. 20-35: 66.9%. > 35: 15%	High School: 47.1%. Professional: 12.5%	No report	Working outside the home (PR = 1.28; 95%CI 1.11-1.48). Residence in municipalities with a prevalence of child undernutrition below 10% (PR = 1.66; 95%CI 1.23-2.24). Mothers with 12 years of schooling or more (PR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.16-1.58)
Agudelo et al[23], 2021	Average duration of exclusive BF: 5 months. BF up to 3 months: 78%. No BF up to 3 months: 19.5%. BF up to 6 months: 25%. No BF up to 6 months: 71%	Median age (IQR). Intervention group: 23 years (21-29). Control group: 24 years (20-25)	Elementary education: 11%. High school: 60%. Technical education: 13%. Professional: 16%	Low stratum: 64.3%. Very low stratum:33.6%	Working outside the home
Sequeiros et al[26], 2023	Interruption of exclusive BF: 26%. Initiation of BF at birth: Immediately: 70.1%. > 1 h: 29.8%	Age in years of mothers who discontinued BF. < 18: 31.7%. 18-25: 27.7%. 26-35: 25.7%. 36-45: 25.0%	Elementary education: 20.5%. High school: 26.7%. Professional: 31.2%	Low stratum: 22%. Middle stratum: 33%. High stratum: 36%	Higher educational level (PRa: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.06-2.27). Rich vs poor family wealth index (RPa: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.03-1.25). Residing in the jungle (RPa: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.71-0.84). Native indigenous language (PRa: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.75-0.91). BF training (PRa: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.82-0.94). Infant with health insurance (PRa: 0.91; 95%CI: 0.84-0.97)
Ortiz Romaní and Loayza Alarico[20], 2023	Prevalence of early initiation of BF: 49.6%.	Age in years (%). 12-14: 0.09%. 15-19: 6.11%. 20-49: 93.80%	High School: 47.2%	Low stratum: 47%. Middle stratum: 21.3%. High stratum: 31.5%	Factors interfering with early initiation of BF: Living in rural area (ORa: 2.37) and jungle (ORa: 1.72). High wealth index. Access to health services and prenatal care
Javela Rugeles et al[21], 2019	Children with BF for one year maintain anthropometric measurements below -2 SD.	Age in years (%). < 20: 17%. > 35: 18%	High school: 64%. Elementary education: 18%. Technical education: 18%	Very low stratum: 57%. Low stratum: 36%. High stratum: 8%	Low social stratum
Mangialavori et al[22], 2022	Prevalence of BF: 34.7% (95%CI: 31.6-37.9). BF before the first hour of birth: 40.1% (95%CI: 36.9-43.4)	No report	Elementary education: 9.3%. High school: 91.3%	No report	Mother's educational level
Ortelan et al[17], 2019	Prevalence of BF: 43.9%	Age in years (%). < 20: 21.3%. 20-35: 65.3%. > 35: 13.4%	High School: 47.6%	No report	Factors favoring BF practices: Age between 20-35 years (PR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.09-1.69). Work at home. Birth in BF-friendly hospital services. Increased availability of human milk banks per 10000 inhabitants

BF: Breastfeeding; PR: Prevalence radius; IQR: Interquartile range; OR: Odds ratio.