Migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the stomach with or without trans-oral extrusion: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Demographics, clinical features, and outcome of the surgical procedures performed for the migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the stomach without trans-oral extrusion (n = 14)

Ref.

Indication for VPS insertion

Age VPS insertion sex

Age gastric migration

Interval (mo)

VPS (R)

History GI Surg

Shunt tract infection

Peritonitis meningitis

CSF infection

Operative procedures executed

1Site repaired (Yes/No)

Complication

Outcome

Nishijima et al[49], 1980

Hydrocephalus (NPH)

69 yr female

71 yr

27

No

No

No

Meningitis

Yes

Distal VPS catheter found within the gastric lumen (Autopsy finding)

Stomach (Autopsy)

-

Death

Oi et al[50], 1987

Hydrocephalus (posttraumatic)

12 mo male

3 yr

24

Yes

No

Yes

Meningitis

Yes

Removal of part of distal VPS catheter, Proximal VPS catheter as EVD, Delayed VPS revision done

Stomach (Glue)

Nil

R

Oshio et al[51], 1991

Hydrocephalus (Posttraumatic)

12 mo male

3 yr

24

No

No

Yes

Meningitis

Yes

Removal of part of distal VPS catheter, Proximal VPS catheter as EVD?, Delayed VPS revision done

Stomach (Glue)

Yes

R

Ho et al[52], 1992

Hydrocephalus (NPH)

68 yr male

72 yr

42

No

No

No

Meningitis

Yes

Distal VPS catheter found within the gastric lumen (Autopsy finding)

Stomach (Autopsy)

-

Death

Alonso-Vanegas et al[53], 1994

Hydrocephalus with NTD (Congenital)

Neonate female

4 mo

4

No

No

No

No

No

Removal of entire VPS catheter, Immediate ventriculo-atrial shunt

Stomach (Yes)

Nil

R

Christoph et al[54], 1995

Hydrocephalus (Congenital)

5 mo female

5 mo

1 d

No

Yes

No

No

No

Removal of distal VPS catheter from gastric lumen and converted as EVD, Delayed ventriculo-atrial shunt done

Stomach (NA)

Nil

R

Hart et al[55], 2001

Hydrocephalus (Congenital)

NA female

33 yr

NA

NA

No

No

No

No

Removal of distal VPS catheter from gastric lumen and relocation of distal catheter within the peritoneal cavity

Stomach (NA)

Nil

R

Masuoka et al[56], 2005

Hydrocephalus (Intracranial aneurysm)

47 yr male

51 yr

42

No

No

No

No

Yes

Removal of entire VPS catheter (re-VPS insertion not required)

Stomach (No)

Nil

R

Cheng et al[57], 2007

Hydrocephalus (Posttraumatic)

87 yr male

88 yr

8

No

No

No

No

Yes

Removal of entire VPS catheter (re-VPS insertion not done/required)

Stomach (Yes)

Nil

R

Cohen-Added et al[58], 2018

Hydrocephalus (Intracranial aneurysm)

65 yr male

72 yr

7 yr?

No

No

No

No

No

Surgical therapy not executed for intra-gastric migration of distal VPS catheter

Stomach (No)

--

R

Sidhu et al[59], 2019

Hydrocephalus (Intracranial aneurysm)

83 yr? male

84 yr

12?

No

Yes

No

No

No

Removal of entire VPS catheter (re-VPS insertion not required)

Stomach (NA)

Nil

R

Yala et al[60], 2019

Hydrocephalus (Intracranial aneurysm)

41 yr female

65 yr

36?

Yes

No

No

No

No

Removal of distal VPS catheter from gastric lumen and relocation of distal catheter within the peritoneal cavity

Stomach (Yes)

Nil

R

Chen et al[61], 2020

Hydrocephalus (Post infective)

44 yr female

54 yr

NA

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

Removal of entire VPS catheter, Placement of EVD, Delayed re-VPS insertion done

Stomach (Yes)

Nil

R

Scarascia et al[62], 2022

Hydrocephalus (IIH)

15 yr female

31 yr

16 yr?

No

No

No

No

No

Removal of entire VPS catheter (re-VPS insertion not done)

Stomach (Yes)

Yes

R?

¹Site: Site of perforation.

CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; EVD: External ventricular drainage; GI Surg: Gastrointestinal/abdominal surgery; IIH: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension; NA: Not available/details not available; NPH: Normal pressure hydrocephalus; NTD; Neural tube defect; R: Recovered; VPS: Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt; VPS (R): Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt revision.