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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Clin Pediatr. Dec 9, 2023; 12(5): 319-330
Published online Dec 9, 2023. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.319
Published online Dec 9, 2023. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.319
Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
| Characteristics | Frequency | OR (95%CI) | P value | |
| Non-rotavirus | Rotavirus | |||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 50 (29.1) | 122 (70.9) | 0.89 (0.52-1.53) | 0.77 |
| Female | 30 (31.6) | 65 (68.4) | ||
| Age (mo) | ||||
| 0-11 | 21 | 71 | Ref | Ref |
| 12-23 | 24 | 60 | 0.74 (0.38-1.46) | 0.38 |
| 24-59 | 17 | 44 | 0.77 (0.37-1.61) | 0.48 |
| ≥ 60 | 18 | 12 | 0.19 (0.08-0.47) | < 0.001 |
| Nutritional status | ||||
| Severely underweight | 10 | 34 | 1.39 (0.63-3.08) | 0.4 |
| Underweight | 14 | 32 | 0.94 (0.45-1.94) | 0.86 |
| Normoweight | 41 | 100 | Ref | Ref |
| Overweight | 7 | 6 | 0.35 (0.11-1.11) | 0.08 |
| Obese | 8 | 15 | 0.77 (0.30-1.95) | 0.58 |
| Season | ||||
| Dry | 32 (22.9) | 108 (77.1) | 0.49 (0.29-0.83) | 0.01 |
| Wet | 48 (37.8) | 79 (62.2) | ||
| Hospitalisation | ||||
| In-patient | 79 (29.7) | 187 (70.3) | N/A | 0.30 |
| Intensive Care Unit | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | ||
| Length of stay (d) | ||||
| < 3 | 4 (11.4) | 31 (88.6) | 0.27 (0.10-0.78) | 0.02 |
| ≥ 3 | 76 (32.8) | 156 (67.2) | ||
| Clinical manifestations | ||||
| Diarrhea duration (d) | ||||
| < 2 | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | Ref | Ref |
| 2-4 | 32 (25) | 96 (75) | 0.86 (0.17-4.34) | 1 |
| > 4 | 46 (35.4) | 84 (64.6) | 0.52 (0.10-2.62) | 0.72 |
| Diarrhea frequency (d) | ||||
| < 3 | 4 (66.7) | 2 (33.3) | Ref | Ref |
| 3-4 | 32 (30.2) | 74 (69.8) | 4.63 (0.81-26.54) | 0.08 |
| > 5 | 44 (28.4) | 111 (71.6) | 5.05 (0.90-28.54) | 0.07 |
| Vomiting frequency (d) | ||||
| 0-3 | 50 (36) | 89 (64) | Ref | Ref |
| 4-5 | 9 (20) | 36 (80) | 2.25 (1.00-5.04) | 0.07 |
| > 5 | 21 (25.3) | 62 (74.7) | 1.66 (0.91-3.04) | 0.13 |
| Fever duration (d) | ||||
| < 3 | 35 (25.4) | 103 (74.6) | 0.63 (0.38-1.01) | 0.12 |
| ≥3 | 45 (34.9) | 84 (65.1) | ||
| Abdominal pain | ||||
| Negative | 56 (25) | 168 (75) | 0.26 (0.14-0.52) | < 0.01 |
| Positive | 24 (55.8) | 19 (44.2) | ||
| Respiratory symptoms | ||||
| Negative | 59 (28.8) | 146 (71.2) | 0.79 (0.43-1.45) | 0.54 |
| Positive | 21 (33.9) | 41 (66.1) | ||
| Dehydration | ||||
| No dehydration | 35 (46.7) | 40 (53.3) | Ref | Ref |
| Mild-moderate | 33 (20.8) | 126 (79.2) | 3.34 (1.85-6.10) | < 0.01 |
| Severe | 12 (36.4) | 21 (63.6) | 1.53 (0.66-3.55) | 0.43 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Antibiotic | ||||
| Negative | 3 (1.7) | 176 (98.3) | 0.002 (0.001-0.01) | < 0.01 |
| Positive | 77 (87.5) | 11 (12.5) | ||
| IV rehydration | ||||
| Negative | 19 (32.2) | 40 (67.8) | 1.15 (0.61-2.13) | 0.80 |
| Positive | 61 (29.3) | 147 (70.7) | ||
| Rotavirus vaccination | ||||
| Negative | 69 (28) | 177 (72) | 0.35 (0.14-0.97) | 0.04 |
| Positive | 11 (52.4) | 10 (47.6) | ||
| Laboratory examinations | ||||
| Hemoglobin | ||||
| Normal | 52 (28.1) | 133 (71.9) | 0.75 (0.43-1.32) | 0.40 |
| Abnormal | 28 (34.1) | 54 (65.9) | ||
| White blood cell count | ||||
| Normal | 50 (24.6) | 153 (75.4) | 0.37 (0.21-0.67) | < 0.01 |
| Abnormal | 30 (46.9) | 34 (53.1) | ||
| Basophils | ||||
| Normal | 63 (31.5) | 137 (68.5) | 1.35 (0.72-2.53) | 0.43 |
| Abnormal | 17 (25.4) | 50 (74.6) | ||
| Eosinophils | ||||
| Normal | 23 (26.1) | 65 (73.9) | 0.76 (0.43-1.34) | 0.42 |
| Abnormal | 57 (31.8) | 122 (68.2) | ||
| Band neutrophils | ||||
| Normal | 66 (30.7) | 149 (69.3) | 1.20 (0.61-2.37) | 0.72 |
| Abnormal | 14 (26.9) | 38 (73.1) | ||
| Segment neutrophils | ||||
| Normal | 9 (18.8) | 39 (81.3) | 0.48 (0.22-1.05) | 0.09 |
| Abnormal | 71 (32.4) | 148 (67.6) | ||
| Total neutrophils | ||||
| Normal | 10 (20.4) | 39 (79.6) | 0.54 (0.26-1.15) | 0.15 |
| Abnormal | 70 (32.1) | 148 (67.9) | ||
| Lymphocytes | ||||
| Normal | 13 (26) | 37 (74) | 0.79 (0.40-1.58) | 0.61 |
| Abnormal | 67 (30.9) | 150 (69.1) | ||
| Monocytes | ||||
| Normal | 44 (32.1) | 93 (67.9) | 1.24 (0.73-2.10) | 0.51 |
| Abnormal | 36 (27.7) | 94 (72.3) | ||
| Absolute lymphocytes count | ||||
| Normal | 28 (23.5) | 91 (76.5) | 0.57 (0.33-0.98) | 0.05 |
| Abnormal | 52 (35.1) | 96 (64.9) | ||
| Absolute neutrophils count | ||||
| Normal | 40 (23.8) | 128 (76.2) | 0.46 (0.30-0.79) | 0.007 |
| Abnormal | 40 (40.4) | 59 (59.6) | ||
| Neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio | ||||
| Normal | 33 (29.5) | 4 (57.1) | 0.96 (0.57-1.63) | 0.99 |
| Abnormal | 77 (29.6) | 183 (70.4) | ||
| Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio | ||||
| Normal | 3 (42.9) | 4 (57.1) | 1.79 (0.40-8.15) | 0.74 |
| Abnormal | 77 (29.6) | 183 (70.4) | ||
| Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio | ||||
| Normal | 6 (22.2) | 21 (77.8) | 0.64 (0.25-1.64) | 0.47 |
| Abnormal | 74 (31) | 165 (69) | ||
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | ||||
| Normal | 37 (31.1) | 82 (68.9) | 1.1 (0.65-1.86) | 0.82 |
| Abnormal | 43 (29.1) | 105 (70.9) | ||
| Random blood glucose | ||||
| Normal | 45 (24.6) | 138 (75.4) | 0.46 (0.26-0.80) | 0.007 |
| Abnormal | 35 (41.7) | 49 (58.3) | ||
| Sodium | ||||
| Normal | 42 (27.5) | 111 (72.5) | 0.76 (0.45-1.28) | 0.37 |
| Abnormal | 38 (33.3) | 76 (66.7) | ||
| Potassium | ||||
| Normal | 33 (29.5) | 79 (70.5) | 0.96 (0.56-1.63) | 0.99 |
| Abnormal | 47 (30.3) | 108 (69.7) | ||
| Chloride | ||||
| Normal | 42 (29.6) | 100 (70.4) | 0.96 (0.57-1.63) | 0.99 |
| Abnormal | 38 (30.4) | 87 (69.6) | ||
| Urine and fecal tests | ||||
| Urinary ketone | ||||
| Negative | 74 (29.8) | 174 (70.2) | 0.92 (0.34-2.52) | 1.00 |
| Positive | 6 (31.6) | 13 (68.4) | ||
| Fecal leukocytes | ||||
| Negative | 58 (25.9) | 166 (74.1) | 0.33 (0.17-0.65) | 0.002 |
| Positive | 22 (51.2) | 21 (48.8) | ||
- Citation: Indrawan M, Chendana J, Handoko TGH, Widjaja M, Octavius GS. Clinical factors predicting rotavirus diarrhea in children: A cross-sectional study from two hospitals. World J Clin Pediatr 2023; 12(5): 319-330
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v12/i5/319.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.319