Brain metabolic profile assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in ‎‎children with Down syndrome: Relation to intelligence quotient

Table 2 Brain metabolite ratios of children with down syndrome and controls

Brain metabolite ratios (mean ± SD)	DS (n = 40)	Controls (n = 40)	P value
Frontal lobe
NAA/Cr	1.19 ± 0.44	1.788 ± 0.273	0.0011
Cho/Cr	1.03 ± 0.40	1.08 ± 0.187	0.473
MI/Cr	0.56 ± 0.21	1.50 ± 0.47	0.0011
Temporal lobe
NAA/Cr	1.26 ± 1.19	1.75 ±0.21	0.011
Cho/Cr	0.71 ± 0.30	1.07 ±0.16	0.0011
MI/Cr	0.41 ± 0.19	1.40 ±0.56	0.0011
Basal ganglia
NAA/Cr	1.21 ± 0.55	1.78 ± 0.19	0.0011
Cho/Cr	0.68 ± 0.33	1.06 ± 0.17	0.0011
MI/Cr	0.35 ± 0.17	1.50 ± 0.54	0.0011
Occipital lobe
NAA/Cr	1.72 ± 0.49	1.92 ± 0.34	0.033
Cho/Cr	0.83 ± 0.35	0.99 ± 0.14	0.011
MI/Cr	0.44 ± 0.17	1.48 ± 0.54	0.0011

¹P < 0.01 is significant.

Cho: Choline; Cr: Creatine; DS: Down syndrome; MI: Myoinositol; Naa: N-acetyl aspartate.