Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies/harmful materials in children from Bahrain: A retrospective cohort study

Table 7 Summary of foreign body ingestion in children from neighboring counties and worldwide

Ref.	Country	n	Age (yr)1	Sex	Two most common FBs (%)	Two most common symptoms (%)	Two most common sites of FB (%)
Our study	Bahrain2	153	2.8 (1.8-4.4)	M > F	Battery (32), metals/sharps (21)	Vomiting (29), abdominal pain (16)	Stomach (44), small intestine (15)
Al-Salem et al[11], 1995	Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	40	8.5 (5 mo-8)	M > F	Coins (43), metallic dog toy	NR	Esophagus (60), stomach (38)
Dereci et al[13], 2015	Turkey	64	5.7 ± 4.6	M > F	Coin (37), pin (8)	Dysphagia (24), cough (8)	Esophagus (56), stomach (16)
Kalra et al[16], 2022	India	100	5.0 ± 14.4	M > F	Coin (65), battery cell (13)	FB sensation (55), vomiting (54)	Just below the cricopharynx (89)
Lee et al[10], 2016	Korea	76	3.1 ± 3.1	M > F	Coins (22), button battery (16)	Chest discomfort, abdominal pain (9)	FBs: Stomach (40), unknown (28). Batteries: Duodenum (50), stomach (42)
Chan et al[9], 2002	Taiwan	25	2.6 ± 1.8	M > F	Button battery	Abdominal pain (8), dyspnea (4)	Stomach (52), small intestine (8)
Lin et al[15], 2007	Taiwan	87	3.4 (6 mo-13)	M > F	Coins (57), button battery (22)	Odynophagia, cough (84)	Esophagus (51), stomach (45)
Khorana et al[17], 2019	Thailand	194	43.5 (21-72) mo	M > F	Coin (41), button battery (17)	Vomiting (45), dysphagia (27)	Esophagus (37), stomach (29)
Uba et al[7], 2002	Nigeria	108	3.0 ± 0.8	M > F	Coins (80), bottle caps (7)	Drooling (34), regurgitation (17)	Esophagus (52), hypopharynx (33)
Adedeji et al[12], 2013	Nigeria	28	32.1 (2-75)	M > F	Alkali (79), acid (14)	NR	NR
Diaconescu et al[14], 2016	Romania	61	3.3 ± 4.7	M > F	Coins (26), metals (13)	Abdominal pain (56), vomiting (34)	NR
Antoniou and Christopoulos-Geroulanos[2], 2011	Greece	675	3.3 (4 mo-14)	M > F	Coins (32), safety pins (21)	Retrosternal pain, drooling	Stomach (58), bowel (33)
Speidel et al[4], 2020	Germany	1199	3.3 ± 3.2	M > F	Coin (19), metal (16)	Retching and vomiting (30), coughing (8)	NR
Little et al[8], 2006	United States	555	3.2 (2 mo-19)	M > F	Coins (88), round batteries	Dysphagia (37), drooling (31)	Esophagus (99)
Orsagh-Yentis et al[6], 2019	United States	29893	< 6	M > F	Coins (62), toys (10)	NR	NR

¹Age is presented as either median (range) or the mean ± SD.

²The present study.

FB: Foreign body; NR: No record; M: Male; F: Female.