Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies/harmful materials in children from Bahrain: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Demographic data and clinical presentation of 153 children with accidental ingestion

Demographic data	Total, n = 153 (100)	FB, n = 108 (70.6)	Caustic, n = 31 (20.3)	Medication, n = 14 (9.2)	P value
Sex					0.513a
Male	85 (55.6)	58 (53.7)	20 (64.5)	7 (50)
Female	68 (44.4)	50 (46.3)	11 (35.5)	7 (50)
Nationality					0.260a
Bahraini	118 (77.1)	87 (80.6)	22 (71.0)	9 (64.3)
Non-Bahraini	35 (22.9)	21 (19.4)	9 (29.0)	5 (35.7)
Socioeconomic status (n = 95)					0.520a
Low	32 (33.7)	26 (34.7)	3 (20.0)	3 (60.0)
Middle	31 (32.6)	25 (33.3)	5 (33.3)	1 (20.0)
High	32 (33.7)	24 (32.0)	7 (46.7)	1 (20.0)
Working mother	33/95 (34.7)	28/75 (37.3)	4/15 (26.7)	1/5 (20.0)	0.568a
Number of siblings, (n = 94)	3 (2-4)	3 (2-4)	3 (2-4)	3 (2-4)	0.877b
Age at presentation (yr), (n = 152)	2.8 (1.8-4.4)	3.4 (2.0-5.6)	1.8 (1.5-2.5)	2.6 (2.1-2.8)	< 0.001b
Age categories (yr), (n = 152)					0.001a
0-1	41 (27)	22 (20.6)	17 (54.8)	2 (14.3)
2-3	66 (43.4)	45 (42.1)	11 (35.5)	10 (71.4)
4-5	31 (20.4)	27 (25.2)	2 (6.5)	2 (14.3)
≥ 6	14 (9.2)	13 (12.1)	1 (3.2)	0 (0.0)
Time to presentation (h), (n = 139)	2.0 (1.0-6.0)	2.0 (1.0-6.0)	1.0 (0.3-5.0)	2.0 (1.0-4.0)	0.306b
Length of stay (d)	1.0 (1.0-2.0)	1.0 (1.0-2.0)	1.0 (1.0-4.0)	1.0 (1.0-1.0)	0.063b
Length of stay categories (d), (n = 146)					0.102a
0-1	104 (71.2)	74 (71.8)	16 (55.2)	14 (100)
2-3	20 (13.7)	15 (14.6)	5 (17.2)	0 (0.0)
4-5	7.0 (4.8)	5 (4.9)	2 (6.9)	0 (0.0)
≥ 6	15 (10.3)	9 (8.7)	6 (20.7)	0 (0.0)
Number of ingested FBs/materials per patient					0.053a
1	119 (77.8)	81 (75.0)	30 (96.8)	8 (57.1)
2-5	23 (15.0)	19 (17.6)	1 (3.2)	3 (21.4)
6-10	3.0 (2.0)	2 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	1 (7.1)
> 10	8.0 (5.2)	6 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	2 (14.3)
Clinical presentations (n = 150)
Symptomatic1	86 (57.3)	52 (48.6)	26 (89.7)	8 (57.1)	< 0.001a
Vomiting	44 (29.3)	23 (21.9)	18 (62.1)	3 (21.4)	< 0.001a
Abdominal pain	25 (16.7)	21 (20.0)	2 (6.9)	2 (14.3)	0.240a
Cough	13 (8.7)	7 (6.7)	6 (20.7)	0 (0.0)	0.029a
Shortness of breath	11 (7.3)	6 (5.7)	5 (17.2)	0 (0.0)	0.060a
Choking	11 (7.3)	8 (7.6)	3 (10.3)	0 (0.0)	0.475a
Dysphagia/drooling of saliva	9 (6.0)	5 (4.6)	4 (12.9)	0 (0.0)	0.139a
Convulsion	3.0 (2.0)	1 (0.9)	1 (3.2)	1 (7.1)	0.245a
Others2	16 (10.6)	11 (10.2)	4 (12.9)	1 (7.1)	0.831a
Asymptomatic	64 (42.7)	55 (51.4)	3 (10.3)	6 (42.9)	< 0.001a
Presence of witness (n = 136)	58 (43.6)	38 (40.4)	14 (50.0)	6 (42.9)	0.667a

^aPearson’s χ² test was used for categorical variables.

^bKruskal-Wallis’s test was used for continuous variables.

¹Patients might have more than one symptom.

²Dizziness, chest pain, nausea, tarry stool, and throat discomfort, each in two patients; fever, fatigue, nose swelling, tongue and lips swelling, abdominal bloating, noisy breathing, cyanosis, drowsiness (chlorpheniramine ingestion), reduction in activity, and lip ulcer, each in one patient (two patients of them had two symptoms).

Boldface indicates a statistically significant difference with P < 0.05. Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range). FB: Foreign body.