Epidemiology and phenotypes of diabetes in children and adolescents in non-European-origin populations in or from Western Pacific region

Table 6 Autoantibodies studies in children and youth with type 1 diabetes in/from the Western Pacific region (excluding publications with all data before 2000)

Ref.	Country/territory	n	Age range (yr)	% positive for GAD65	% positive for IA-2	% positive for IAA	% positive for ZnT8A	% positive for ICA
Huang[174], 2004	Guangdong, China	34	7-12	44.1	35.3			17.6
Li et al[175], 2008	Changsha, China	35; 51	0-9; 10-14	60.0; 64.7	62.8; 33.3
Baoerhan and Maimaiti[176], 2015	Urumqi, China.	94	< 15	45.0	62.0			76.0
Urakami et al[35], 2008	Japan	48	6-15	70.8				68.8
Iwabuchi et al[177], 2013	Japan	43	Children	44.0
Habu et al[134], 2013	Japan	48	< 19	59.5	68.1
Mabulac[178], 2013	Philippines	68	Paediatric	44.1
Lee et al[59], 2001	Singapore	41	< 15	41.5				41.5
Kim and Kim[170], 2014	South Korea	113	< 18	53.0		26.0		4.0
Chen et al[179], 2001	Taiwan, China	70	< 17	54.3
Tung et al[62], 2009	Taiwan, China	157	12-18	73.0	76.0	21.0
Cheng et al[146], 2018	Taiwan, China	750	< 20	66.3	65.3	35.7
Santiprabhob et al[180], 2007	Thailand	51	< 15	63.0	61.0
Patjamontri et al[173], 2012	Thailand	90	< 20	50.0	58.0
Trisorus et al[48], 2018	Thailand	81	< 15	75.3	45.7		54.3

GAD65: Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody; IA-2: Insulinoma-associated 2 autoantibody; IAA: Insulin autoantibody; ZnT8A: Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies; ICA: Islet autoantibody.