Epidemiology and phenotypes of diabetes in children and adolescents in non-European-origin populations in or from Western Pacific region

Table 4 Gender ratio of type 1 diabetes patients in/from the Western Pacific region (excluding publications with all data before 2000)

Ref.	Country/territory	Ratio (M:F)	Age range (yr)
Xin et al[163], 2010	Shenyang, China	0.77	< 15
Gong et al[27], 2013	Beijing, China	0.581 (1995-2002); 0.741 (2003-2010)	< 15
Zhao et al[31], 2014	Shanghai, China	0.971	< 15
Gong et al[28], 2015	Beijing, China	0.701	< 15
Wu et al[32], 2016	Zhejiang, China	0.781	< 20
Tao et al[164], 2017	Kunming, China	1.13	< 15
Huo et al[155], 2018	Beijing, China and Shantou, China	0.77	< 21
Weng et al[156], 2018	China (13 areas)2	0.781	< 15
Huen et al[154], 2009	Hong Kong, China	0.76	< 19
Tung et al[22], 2018	Hong Kong, China	0.75	< 18
Onda et al[19], 2017	Japan	0.761	< 15
Lee et al[157], 2006	Singapore	0.77	< 17
Hong et al[149], 2012	South Korea	0.861	< 15
Lee et al[141], 2014	South Korea	0.841	< 15
Kim et al[159], 2016	South Korea	0.801	< 15
Song et al[20], 2016	South Korea	0.89	< 20
Lee et al[160], 2017	South Korea	0.86	< 20
Lo et al[46], 2004	Taiwan, China	0.70	< 18
Ting et al[61], 2007	Taiwan, China	0.94	< 20
Lu et al[24], 2014	Taiwan, China	0.781	< 15
Patarakujvanich et al[165], 2001	Thailand	1.0	< 15
Panamonta et al[16], 2011	Thailand	0.65	< 15

¹Ratio of T1D incidence.

²Harbin, Shenyang, Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Jinan, Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Xi’an, Lanzhou and Yinchuan.

M: Male; F: Female.