Vestibular function for children with insulin dependent diabetes using cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials testing

Table 1 The demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of the studied children

Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics	Patients (n = 40)	Controls (n = 25)	P value
Age, yr	10-18 (13.63 ± 1.50)	9-18 (15.44 ± 1.22)	0.438
Sex, n (%)
Male	10 (25)	9 (36)	0.185
Female	30 (75)	16 (64)	0.223
BMI	15.70-25.30 (20.53 ± 2.52)	15.20-27.50 (18.86 ± 2.63)	0.278
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	100-130 (110.80 ± 10.50)	100-120 (105.00 ± 8.50)	0.365
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	60-80 (70.55 ± 2.34)	60-70 (68.33 ± 5.20)	0.544
Age at onset of diabetes, yr	4–15 (8.54 ± 2.33)	-	-
Duration of diabetes, yr	3–10 (5.62 ± 2.80)	-	-
≤ 5	9 (22.5)
> 5	31 (77.5)
DKA, n (%)	22 (55)	-	-
Number of attacks	0–6 (3.44 ± 0.43)
Hypoglycemia, n (%)	12 (30)	-	-
Number of attacks	0–6 (2.50 ± 0.32)
Family history of diabetes, n (%)	18 (45)	3 (12)	0.01
Hb1Ac, n (%)	5.00–15.65 (8.68 ± 1.50)	3.00–6.00 (3.90 ± 0.25)	0.001
≤ 7%	4 (10)
> 7%	36 (90)
Insulin dose, IU/kg/d	0.80–2.10 (1.70 ± 0.32)	-	-
Lipid profile, mg/dL
Total cholesterol	100-250 (180.20 ± 20.50)	90–200 (140.21 ± 15.65)	0.06
Triglycerides	60-280 (168.52 ± 22.50)	50–120 (80.50 ± 20.58)	0.001
LDL	50-160 (100.65 ± 10.62)	65–110 (85.43 ± 6.46)	0.08
HDL	45-65 (55.52 ± 5.33)	35–70 (48.33± 5.62)	0.364
Comorbid medical conditions, n (%)
Hypertension	5 (12.5)	-	-
Hypercholesterolemia/dyslipidemia	8 (20)	-	-
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	0.54–1.20 (0.80 ± 0.15)	0.40–0.90 (0.62 ± 0.05)	0.450
Diabetic complications, n (%)
Nephropathy	6 (15)	-	-
Peripheral neuropathy	16 (40)	-	-
Dizziness, n (%)	6 (10)	-	-

BMI: Body mass index; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HDL: High density lipoprotein; Hb1Ac: Hemoglobin A1c; DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis.