Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension among children with Down syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 5 Prevalence in different subgroups

Stratification group	Number of studies	Total number of subjects	Total number of events	I2	P value	Prevalence	95%CI
Sex
Male	4	801	210	28.22	0.243	24.3	18.8-30.6
Female	4	695	189	56.44	0.076	26.2	18.8-35.3
Age
Infant (< 1 yr)	7	3273	356	95.35	0.000	13.4	6.6-25.4
Children (> 1 yr)	9	2061	607	94.68	0.000	33.7	22.6-47.0
Region
Asia	6	1084	289	93.68	0.000	38.4	23.7-55.7
Not Asia	11	4309	718	97.92	0.000	19.8	10.9-33.2
Studies published
Before 2011	4	1328	97	93.79	0.000	9.4	4.1-20.2
2011 - 2020	13	4065	910	97.13	0.000	33.0	22.5-45.4
Risk of bias
High risk	3	516	84	76.20	0.015	17.8	11.6-26.5
Moderate risk	8	2119	437	97.91	0.000	34.0	16.6-57.1
Low risk	6	2758	486	97.63	0.000	20.0	9.3-37.7
Etiology
Cardiac	7	724	372	97.06	0.000	14.4	7.4-26.1
Non-cardiac	7	724	352	96.63	0.000	8.9	4.4-17.5