Treatment of central sleep apnea in patients with heart failure: Now and future

Table 2 Short term randomized control trial investigating the effects of adaptive servo ventilation treatment on cardiac functions in heart failure patients with central sleep apnea

Author, year	Duration	n	Design	Findings
Pepperell, 2003[31]	1 mo	30	Therapeutic mv-ASV vs subtherapeutic mv-ASV	Plasma BNP↓, urinary metadrenaline↓
Philippe, 2006[11]	6 mo	25	CPAP vs mv-ASV	Significant increase in LVEF and improvement in QOL in ASV group
Fietze, 2008[32]	1.5 mo	37	bi-level PAP with standard S/T mode vs mv-ASV mode	LVEF increased more in the bi-level PAP group. Daytime blood pressure and heart rate did not change
Kasai, 2013[10]	3 mo	23	CPAP vs pf-ASV	LVEF increased more in the ASV group
O’Connor, 2017[21] (CAT-HF trial)1	6 mo	126	SDB-control vs mv-ASV	No significant cardiac improvement found

¹CAT-HF trial includes patients with predominant OSA in addition to predominant CSA (> 70% patients had predominant CSA). RCT: Randomized control trial; ASV: Adaptive servo ventilation; CPAP: Continuous positive airway pressure; HF: Heart failure; CSA: Central sleep apnea; OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; QOL: Quality of life; S/T mode: Spontaneous/timed mode; SDB: Sleep disordered breathing; mv-ASV: Minute volume of ventilation-targeted ASV; pf-ASV: Peak-airflow triggered ASV.