SARS-CoV-2 with concurrent coccidioidomycosis complicated by refractory pneumothorax in a Hispanic male: A case report and literature review

Table 2 Literature review on reported pneumothorax cases in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among ventilated patients

Ref.	Gender/Age	Presence of cough	Smoking history	Underlying lung disease	Presence of blebs/bullae on CT	Other CT findings	Intervention provided for PT	Management provided	Outcome
Xiang et al[35]	67/M	No	Unknown	Chronic bronchitis, emphysema and obsolete pulmonary TB	Unknown (no CT)	No CT- CXR showing SC emphysema	Chest close drainage	Anti-viral, anti-bacterial therapy, vasoconstrictors	Died
Zantah et al[14], Patient 2	59/M	+	Unknown	None	None	GGO + consolidations + crazy paving pattern	Chest tube	Abs, CS, CP + Tocilizumab	Survived
Zantah et al[14], Patient 4	45/F	+	Unknown	None	None	GGO + consolidative changes	Chest tube	Abs, CS, CP + Tocilizumab	Survived
Zantah et al[14], Patient 5	47/F	+	Unknown	None	None	GGO + consolidations	Chest tube	Abs, CS, AG, Tocilizumab	Died
Zantah et al[14], Patient 6	76/F	No	Unknown	Pulmonary sarcoidosis	None	Consolidations	Chest tube	Unknown	Died
Al-Azzawi et al[36], Patient 1	36/M	+	Unknown	None	None	GGO + pneumomediastinum + SC emphysema	Improved without intervention	AZM, Vit C, zinc, HCQ, Tocilizumab, CS, ECMO	Died
Al-Azzawi et al[36], Patient 2	47/M	No	Unknown	None	None	CXR- SC emphysema + pneumomediastinum	Chest tube	HCQ, zinc, AZM, tocilizumab,	Survived
Al-Azzawi et al[36], Patient 3	78/M	No	Unknown	None	None	CXR- SC emphysema + pneumomediastinum	None	AZM, Vit C, zinc, HCQ	Died
Aiolfi et al[37], Patient 1	56/M	+	Active smoker	Unknown	Superficial bleb +	CXR – pneumothorax; CT – GGO	Pleural darin, 3 port thoracoscopy, bleb resection, mechanical pleurodesis	Unknown	Survived
Aiolfi et al[37], Patient 2	70/M	No	No	No	Superficial bleb +	CT- GGO	Chest tube, 3 port thoracoscopy, bleb resection	Unknown	Survived
Al-Shokri et al[33], Patient 2	33/M	+	Unknown	Unknown	Yes (bulla)	CT- tension PT + bulla and mild pneumomediastinum	Chest tube	HCQ + AZM	Survived
Abushahin et al[38]	47/M	+	Unknown	None	No	CT- spontaneous PT	Pigtail chest tube	Abs + HCQ +	Survived

IMV: Invasive mechanical ventilation; PT: Pneumothorax; GGO: Ground glass opacities; HFNC: High flow nasal cannula; AG: Anticoagulation; HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine; AZM: Azithromycin; CP: Convalescent plasma.