Relationship between metabolic syndrome and hypercapnia among obese patients with sleep apnea

Table 1 Characteristics of the study patients

	OSA without hypercapnia (n = 72)	OSA with hypercapnia (n = 25)	P value
Age, yr	44.6 ± 11.2	45.6 ± 12.3	0.731
Men, n (%)	67 (93)	24 (96)	0.960
BMI, kg/m2	33.8 ± 4.1	33.6 ± 3.4	0.790
Waist circumference, cm	109.3 ± 10.4	110.7 ± 11.6	0.567
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	118.6 ± 35.5	129.3 ± 30.6	0.183
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	71.5 ± 22.1	76.6 ± 18.9	0.313
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	195.6 ± 39.9	202.2 ± 25.3	0.439
Triglycerides, mg/dL	150.0 (94.0)	164.0 (93.0)	0.351
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	43.7 ± 7.8	41.9 ± 9.1	0.360
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL	110.3 ± 29.8	114.6 ± 38.5	0.567
HbA1c %	6.4 ± 1.4	6.3 ± 1.2	0.923
Uric acid, mg/dL	5.7 ± 3.0	6.7 ± 3.4	0.173
CRP, mg/dL	0.1 (0.2)	0.2 (0.3)	0.275
Epworth Sleepiness Scale	11.0 (8.0)	10.5 (9)	0.862
Awake PaO2, Torr	79.9 ± 8.7	75.8 ± 8.2	0.042
Awake PaCO2, Torr	41.0 ± 2.9	46.6 ± 2.5	<0.001
Medications, n (%)
Antihypertensive	18 (25)	8 (32)	0.675
Antidyslipidemic	1 (1)	2 (8)	0.162
Antidiabetic	4 (6)	1 (4)	0.999
Antihyperuricemic	5 (7)	1 (4)	0.999

BMI: Body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; HDL: High density lipoprotein; OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; PaCO₂: Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO₂: Arterial partial pressure of oxygen.