Surface electromyography for diagnosing dysphagia in patients with cerebral palsy

Table 4 Diagnostic performance of difference surface electromyographic parameters for detecting oropharyngeal dysphagia

Characteristic	AUC (95%CI)	P value	Optimal cutoff value	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)	Accuracy (%)
At 3 mL swallowing volume
SMGMA (μV)	0.80 (0.68-0.92)1	< 0.001	39.27	80.0	73.3	50.0	91.7	75.0
IMGMA (μV)	0.88 (0.78-0.98)123	< 0.001	37.30	85.0	90.0	73.9	94.7	88.8
TDBMG (s)	0.72 (0.59-0.86)	< 0.001	0.19	70.0	70.0	43.8	87.5	70.0
ADBMG (μV)	0.82 (0.71-0.93)123	< 0.001	12.02	75.0	76.7	51.7	90.2	76.3
At MSV
SMGMA (μV)	0.63 (0.48-0.79)	0.091	110.00	40.0	98.3	88.9	83.1	83.8
IMGMA (μV)	0.64 (0.48-0.81)	0.097	79.55	45.0	90.0	60.0	83.1	78.8
TDBMG (s)	0.72 (0.59-0.84)	< 0.001	0.19	70.0	70.0	43.8	87.5	70.0
ADBMG (μV)	0.70 (0.56-0.84)	0.005	35.69	50.0	90.0	62.5	84.4	80.0

¹Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) significantly higher compared with submental muscle group maximum amplitude (SMGMA) at maximum swallowing volume (MSV) (P < 0.01, vs SMGMA at MSV);

²AUC significantly higher compared with infrahyoid muscle group maximum amplitude (IMGMA) at MSV (P < 0.05, vs IMGMA at MSV);

³AUC significantly higher compared with amplitude difference between 2 muscle groups (ADBMG) at MSV (P < 0.01, vs ADBMG at MSV). PPV: Positive predictive value; NA: Not applicable; NPV: Negative predictive value; TDBMG: Time difference between 2 muscle groups.