Update on human papillomavirus vaccination: Where are we now?

Table 4 Evaluation of barriers to human papillomavirus vaccination

Ref.	Year	Country	Target population	Objectives	n	Identified barriers to vaccination
Mortensen[46]	2010	Denmark	Women aged 16-26	Evaluation of reasons for acceptance or rejection of HPV vaccine following general vaccine availability	794	Cost, lack of information about the benefits of vaccination, and lack of knowledge about HPV
Ogilvie et al[58]	2010	Canada	Parents with daughters in 6th grade	Determination of parental factors associated with receipt of the HPV vaccine in a publicly funded school-based HPV vaccine program	2025	Lack of knowledge regarding the HPV vaccine
Kobetz et al[51]	2011	United States	Haitian immigrant women in Miami, FL	Assessment of women's knowledge and beliefs regarding cervical cancer and HPV		Lack of education
Jeudin et al[53]	2014	United States	Black and Latina populations	Identification of barriers to uptake of HPV vaccination among low-income and minority girls		Lack of access to primary care, lack of provider recommendation, lack of parental knowledge
Kim[50]	2015	South Korea	Fifth-grade girls and boys	Assessment of children’s knowledge regarding HPV and association with cancer	117	Lack of HPV knowledge, lack of HPV education in schools
Abudukadeer et al[47]	2015	China	Women in Xinjiang province	Assessment of knowledge and perception of cervical cancer	5000	Lack of knowledge about cervical cancer
Blake et al[48]	2015	United States	National Cancer Institute’s 2013 Health Information National Trends Survey Data	Assessment of population knowledge regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine as well as socioeconomic disparities	3185	Lack of HPV awareness and knowledge
Nodulman et al[57]	2015	United States	Middle school stakeholders, nurses, parents, adolescents, administrators	Increase of immunization rates through middle school vaccination programs	117	Lack of knowledge about HPV vaccine

HPV: Human papillomavirus.