Use of hyaluronic acid for sperm immobilisation and selection before intracytoplasmic sperm injection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of included trials

Trial	Country	Mean age	Inclusion criteria	Day of embryo transfer	Number of embryos transferred	Publication type
Balaban et al[16]
HA	Sweden	NA	Male factor	Day 2-3	3.1	Full text
PVP					3.1
Barak et al[5]
HA	Israel	31.0	Male factor	Day 2-3	3.8	Full text
PVP		30.9			3.8
Castillo-Baso et al[17]
HA	Mexico	35.1	NA	Day 2-3 or day 5-6	NA	Abstract
PVP		35.3
Choe et al[18]
HA	Korea	35.4	Previous low fertilization rate	Day 3 or day 5	NA	Full text
PVP			Multiple IVF failures
Gandhi et al[19]
HA	Spain	NA	NA	NA	NA	Abstract
PVP
Majumdar et al[20]
HA	India	31.7	Unexplained infertility, normal semen analysis	Day 2-3	2.49	Full text
PVP		31.5			2.39
Moon et al[21]
HA	Korea	NA	NA	Day 3 or day 5	NA	Abstract
PVP
Parmegiani et al[22]
HA	Italy	37.5	Sperm number > 106 and sperm motility > 5%	Day 2-3	2.25	Full text
PVP		37.1			2.15
Van Den Bergh et al[23]
HA	Switzerland	NA	Women younger than 38 yr with at least four metaphase II oocytes	Day 2-3	NA	Full text
PVP
Worrilow et al[24]
HA	United States	NA	NA	NA	NA	Abstract
PVP
Worrilow et al[25]
HA	United States	33.3	Women younger than 40 years with at least four metaphase II oocytes; Men with sperm count > 10000/mL	Day 2-3 or day 5-6	NA	Full text
PVP		33.7

HA: Hyaluronic acid; PVP: Polyvinylpyrrolidone; NA: Not available.