Serum fibroblast growth factor 21: Lack of association with gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcomes

Table 3 Chemical profiles of the study population, n (%)

Chemical profiles	Non-GDM (n = 81)	Diet-treated GDM (n = 25)	Insulin-treated GDM (n = 3)	P value
1st visit
GA in weeks	12.00 (12.00-13.00)	12.00 (12.00-13.00)	12.00 (12.50-13.00)	0.800
Fasting glucose in mg/dL	77.0 (71-81)	78 (76-81)	98.5 (NA-NA)	0.190
Fasting insulin in μU/mL	7.74 (5.78–10.61)	8.64 (4.83–12.78)	11.71 (NA-NA)	0.480
HOMA-IR	1.52 (1.14–2.06)	1.65 (0.84-2.56)	4.49 (NA-NA)	0.320
HOMA-IR ≥ 2	10 (12.34)	4 (16.00)	1 (33.33)	0.320
2nd visit
GA in weeks	16 (16-17)	16 (16-17)	17 (17-17)	0.320
Fasting glucose in mg/dL	74.00 (68.50-77.00)	72.50 (69.50-77.50)	79.00 (72.00-110.00)	0.007
Fasting insulin in μU/mL	6.96 (5.10-11.82)	7.82 (5.73-10.05)	8.15 (4.85-15.98)	0.930
HOMA-IR	1.23 (0.91-2.29)	1.44 (1.04-1.74)	1.59 (0.86-4.34)	0.840
HOMA-IR ≥ 2	20 (24.69)	5 (20.00)	1 (33.33)	0.600
Fibroblast growth factor 21 in pg/mL	63.59 (54.56-75.57)	62.94 (56.97-69.26)	73.58 (57.28–88.85)	0.730
3rd visit
GA in weeks	25 (24-26)	25 (25-27)	26 (NA-NA)	0.230
Fasting glucose in mg/dL	72 (680-76)	74 (66-79)	71 (NA-NA)	0.350
Fasting insulin in μU/mL	9.92 (6.39-14.85)	9.55 (5.31-20.29)	13.2 (NA-NA)	0.870
HOMA-IR	1.69 (1.10–2.53)	1.79 (0.82–3.97)	2.57 (NA-NA)	0.680
HOMA-IR ≥ 2	25 (30.86)	8 (32.00)	1 (33.33)	0.660

Data are median (q₁-q₃) or n (%). GA: Gestational age; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; NA: Not available.