Copyright
©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Obstet Gynecol. Jan 20, 2023; 12(1): 1-10
Published online Jan 20, 2023. doi: 10.5317/wjog.v12.i1.1
Published online Jan 20, 2023. doi: 10.5317/wjog.v12.i1.1
Table 3 Absolute and relative contraindications for ECV
| Absolute contraindications (any contraindication for labor or a vaginal delivery) | Relative contraindications | ||
| Maternal | Fetal | Uteroplacental | Fetal growth restriction |
| Maternal cardiac disease | Abnormal cardiotocography (indeterminate fetal heart rate) | Rupture of membranes | Oligohydramnios |
| A history of classical (high vertical) hysterotomy | Fetal descent | Placental anomalies (placenta praevia, placenta accreta/increta/percreta, vasa praevia) | Preeclampsia/hypertension |
| A history of two or more Caeserean sections | Multiple gestation | Placental abruption | Fetal growth restriction |
| Cephalopelvic disproportion | Fetal macrosomia > 4000 g | ||
| Antepartum bleeding | Hyperextended fetal head | ||
| Maternal obesity | |||
- Citation: Azimirad A. What to do when it is breech? A state-of-the-art review on management of breech presentation. World J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 12(1): 1-10
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-6220/full/v12/i1/1.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5317/wjog.v12.i1.1