Copyright
©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Neurol. Mar 28, 2016; 6(1): 1-13
Published online Mar 28, 2016. doi: 10.5316/wjn.v6.i1.1
Published online Mar 28, 2016. doi: 10.5316/wjn.v6.i1.1
Ref. | Species | Model | Device | Parameters | Level | Treatment | Timing/ duration | AQP4 RNA | AQP4 protein | AQP4 IHC | Water content | Behavioral outcome |
Vitellaro-Zuccarello et al[73] | Sprague dawley male rats | Contusion | UTS Impactor | 1 N, 1 s dwell | T9 | rhEPO, 5000 UI/kg | Once, 30 min post injury | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 7 d and 28 d | ↑ in rhEPO treated (BBB) | |||
↑ AQP4 in rhEPO at 7 d and 28 d | ||||||||||||
Guptarak et al[72] | Sprague dawley male rats | Contusion | IH Impactor | 150 kdyn, 1 s dwell | T10 | TMX, 1 mg | Once/day, 14 or 28 d post injury (acute), days 42-56 post injury (delayed) | ↑ AQP4 in untreated and 35 d | ↑ AQP4 in untreated and 35 d | ↑ in TMX treated at 14 d and 28 d (acute treatment) no BBB recovery in animals treated from day 42-56 (delayed treatment) | ||
↑ AQP4 in TMX treated at 35 d | ↑ AQP4 in TMX treated at 35 d | |||||||||||
Wu et al[61] | C57B/L6 male mice | Contusion | Weight drop | 5 g weight, 10 mm drop | T10 | Melatonin, 50 mg/kg | Once, post injury | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 48 h | ↑ levels in untreated at 48 h | |||
↓ AQP4 in melatonin treated at 48 h | ↓ levels in melatonin treated at 48 h | |||||||||||
Jing et al[63] | C57B/L6 male mice | Contusion | IH Impactor | 50 kdyn | T10 | Melatonin, 10 mg/kg | Twice/day, 2 wk post injury | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 7 d | ↑ levels in untreated at 7 d | ↑ in melatonin treated at 7, 10 and 14 d (BMS) | ||
↓ AQP4 in melatonin treated at 7 d | ↓ levels in melatonin treated at 7 d | |||||||||||
Zu et al[69] | Sprague dawley male rats | Contusion | Striking bar | 150 gcf, 5 cm drop | T8 | Curcumin, 40 mg/kg | Once, 30 min post injury | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 72 h | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 72 h | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 72 h | ↑ levels in untreated at 72 h | no difference in BBB scores with treatment |
↓ AQP4 in curcumin treated at 72 h | ↓ AQP4 in curcumin treated at 72 h | ↓ AQP4 in curcumin treated at 72 h | ↓ levels in curcumin treated at 72 h | |||||||||
Hu et al[24] | Sprague dawley female rats | Contusion | NYU weight drop device | 10 g weight, 25 mm drop | T10 | Myelotomy, 3.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm deep | Once, 24 h after injury | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 2, 4 and 6 d | ↑ levels in untreated at 4 and 6 d, not at 2 d | ↑ in myelotomy treated at 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 d | ||
↓ AQP4 in myelotomy treated at 4 and 6 d | ↓ levels in myelotomy treated at 4 and 6 d | (BBB and inclinded plane test) | ||||||||||
Mao et al[89] | CD1 male mice | Compression | Vascular clip | 10 g force, 1 min hold | T9 | SFN, 5 mg/kg | Once, 1 h post injury | ↓ AQP4 in untreated at 48 h | ↓ AQP4 in untreated at 48 h | ↓ AQP4 in untreated at 48 h | ↑ levels in untreated at 48 h | |
↑ AQP4 in SFN treated at 48 h | ↑ AQP4 in SFN treated at 48 h | ↑ AQP4 in SFN treated at 48 h | ↓ levels in SFN treated at 48 h | |||||||||
Fan et al[83] | Sprague dawley male rats | Compression | Weight application | 5 g weight, 5 min hold | T12 | AG, 150 mg/kg | Once, 24 h post injury | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 24 h and 48 h | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 48h | ↑ levels in untreated at 12, 24 and 48 h | ↑ in AG treated (BBB) | |
↓ AQP4 in AG treated at 24 h and 48 h | ↓ AQP4 in AG treated at 48 h | ↓ levels in AG treated 12, 24 and 48 h | ||||||||||
Wang et al[82] | Sprague dawley male rats | Compression | Weight application | 50 g weight, 5 min hold | T12 | 2ME2, 2.5 mg/kg | Once, post injury | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 6, 12 and 24 h | ||||
↓ AQP4 in 2ME2 treated at 12 h | ||||||||||||
Ge et al[84] | Sprague dawley male rats | Compression | Vascular clip | 30 g force, 1 min hold | T12 | EGCG, 100 mg/kg | 1 ×/day, 3 d | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 24 and 72 h | ↑ levels in untreated at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h | ||
↓ AQP4 in EGCG treated at 24, 48 and 72 h | ↓ AQP4 in EGCG treated at 24 and 72 h | ↓ levels in EGCG treated at 24, 48 and 72 h | ||||||||||
Liu et al[58] | Sprague dawley male rats | Compression | Aneurysm clip | 5 min hold | T12 | Melatonin, 100 mg/kg | 1 ×/day, 3 d | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h | ↑ AQP4 in untreated at 24 and 72 h | ↑ levels in untreated at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h | ||
↓ AQP4 in melatonin treated at 24, 48 and 72 h | ↓ AQP4 in melatonin treated at 24 and 72 h | ↓ levels in melatonin treated at 24, 48 and 72 h |
- Citation: Yonan JM, Binder DK. Aquaporin-4 and spinal cord injury. World J Neurol 2016; 6(1): 1-13
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-6212/full/v6/i1/1.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5316/wjn.v6.i1.1