Prevalence, clinical features and treatment of depression in Parkinson’s disease: An update

Table 3 Prevalence of depressive symptoms in subjects with Parkinson’s disease in different studies

Stage of PD/type of patients	No. of patients/	Prevalence of depression/ depressive symptoms	Prevalence of other neuropsychatric	Ref.
	sample size		symptoms
Outpatients, non-fluctuating (21 de novo, 69 treated with levodopa or dopamine agonists)	90	Major depression in 21.1% (vs in 3.3% controls)	Panic disorders in 30% (vs 5.5% in controls) Dystimia in 18.8% (vs 4.4% in controls)	[26]
Outpatients with established PD	100	Major depression in 35%		[35]
Patients with PD presenting with non-motor symptoms. Retrospective study of pathologically-proven PD	91	Depression in 2.5%	Anxiety in 3.9%	[33]
Outpatients with established PD	50	Major depression in 42% (vs 10% of geriatric patients)		[28]
Nondemented patients with moderate to severe PD	111	Depression in 26.1% Subthreshold depression in 28.8%		[27]
Early untreated PD	175	Depression in 37%	Apathy in 27% Sleep disturbance in 18% Anxiety in 17%	[29]
New-onset PD patients	685	Depression in 72% (developed depression within ten years of symptomatic PD onset)		[36]
Outpatients with established PD	1086	Major depression in 15.6%		[37]
Outpatients with established PD Outpatients with established PD Outpatients with established PD	1449 1449 150	Depression in 25% Depression in 33.6% Depression in 43% Depression without apathy in 13%	Anxiety in 20% Dementia in 29% Psychotic syndromes in 12.7% Sleep disturbances in 49% Apathy only in in 17% Apathy + depression in 43%	[38] [39] [40]
Non-demented PD subjects	105	38% borderline depression Major depression in 4.8%		[30]
Non-demented PD subjects	450	Depressive symptoms in 40% (vs 10% of controls)	Probable anxious signs in 51% (vs 29% of controls)	[41]
Patients with established PD	256	Minor depression in 36.3% Major depression in 12.9%		[42]
Patients with established PD	360	Depression in 41.3%	Only apathy in 23% Apathy + depression in 36.9%	[43]
Patients with established PD	202	Depression in 37.3%	Anxiety in 31.3%, Dementia in 25.3% Excessive daytime sleepiness in 59.4%	[31]
Patients with established PD	513	Depression in 8.6%	Anxiety alone in 22.0% Anxiety + depressive symptoms in 8.6%	[44]
Outpatients with established PD	158	Depression in 11% to 57% (depending on the definition of depression)		[45]
Outpatients with established PD New-onset PD patients	639 221	Depression in 66% Major depression in 9.9% (developed depression over 3-4 yr)		[34] [46]
Outpatients with established PD	1449	Depression in 18.8%	Dementia in 13.9% had Dementia + depression in 14.3%	[47]
Non-demented PD subjects Early stage PD	95 36	Depression in 28% Depression in 36.1%	Anxiety in 27% Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in 52.8% Somatization in 66.7%	[48] [49]
Outpatients with established PD	117	Depression in 56%	Anxiety in 55%	[50]
Patients with established PD (ambulatory and home residents)	886	Depression in 24.4%	28.4% dementia (20.6 % of ambulatory and 85.7 % of home residents)	[51]
PD patients with mild cognitive impairment	104	Depression in 40.4% (vs 16.6% in controls)	Subjective memory complaints 16.3% (vs 7.7% of controls)	[32]
Non-demented PD subjects	115	Major depression in 28.7% Subthreshold depression in 26.10%		[52]

PD: Parkinson’s disease.