Prevalence, clinical features and treatment of depression in Parkinson’s disease: An update

Table 1 Diagnostic criteria for major depressive episode

Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day

Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities

Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain

Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day

Psychomotor agitation or retardation

Fatigue or loss of energy

Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt

Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness

Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation

Five or more of the symptoms must have been present during the same 2-wk period, represent a change from previous functioning and cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other functioning. One of the symptoms should be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure, significant weight loss or weight gain. Symptoms should be present nearly every day, most of the day are not due to drug or a general medical condition. Criteria adapted from Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders[15].