Depression in adults with epilepsy: Relationship to psychobiological variables

Table 3 Comparative statistics between patients with epilepsy and comorbid depression, patients without comorbid psychiatric disorders and control subjects in psychosocial-, hormonal- and neurotransmitter-related variables

	BDI-II	HAM-A	Free testosterone (pg/mL)	SHBG (nmol/L)	Serotonin (ng/mL)	Noradrenaline (ng/mL)	Adrenaline (ng/mL)
Patients with epilepsy (n = 105)
Range	3.0-47.0	4.0-44.0	9.0-24.0	118.0-200.0	0.0-74.9	1.1-100.5	0.1-521.4
Mean	28.08	20.63	18.75	159.75	43.39	27.93	65.4
Skewness	0.13	0.2	-1.65	-0.04	-0.36	1.32	2.83
Std. error of skewness	0.33	0.33	1.01	1.01	0.51	0.72	0.75
25th percentiles	22	13	11.75	121.25	24.38	2.45	0.1
50th percentiles	26	22	21	160.5	42.8	4.7	0.1
75th percentiles	33	27	23.5	197.5	64.2	58.45	0.93
Patients with epilepsy and comorbid depression (n = 51)
Range	3.0-47.0	4.0-44.0	9.0-24.0	118.0-200.0	0.0-64.2	1.1-100.5	0.1-521.4
Mean	28.08	20.65	18.75	159.75	23.67	27.93	65.4
Skewness	0.13	0.2	-1.65	-0.04	0.97	1.32	2.83
Std. error of skewness	0.3	0.3	1.01	1.01	0.58	0.72	0.75
25th percentiles	22	13	11	121.25	6.4	2.45	0.1
50th percentiles	26	22	21	160.5	21.4	4.7	0.1
75th percentiles	33	27	23	197.5	42.8	58.45	0.93
Patients with epilepsy and without comorbid psychiatric disorders (n = 54)
Range	1.0-19.0	1.0-15.0	5.0-100.0	17.3-185.0	0.0-74.9	4.5-213.4	0.1-1.2
Mean	7.62	6.15	44.73	110.44	43.39	58.13	0.39
Skewness	0.76	0.64	0.66	0.15	-0.36	1.51	1.12
Std. error of skewness	0.33	0.33	0.66	0.64	0.51	0.66	0.69
25th Percentiles	5	3.5	24	76.25	24.38	5	0.1
50th Percentiles	8	7	24	105.50	42.8	31.4	0.1
75th Percentiles	9	8	80	162.50	64.2	98.3	0.95
Control subjects (n = 68)
Range	1.0-51.0	2.0-48.0	5.0-100.0	80.0-185.0	42.8-107.0	1.5-493.2	0.1-1897.0
Mean	12.59	14	57.14	103.07	74.9	135.42	269.84
Skewness	1.93	1.47	-0.14	2.04	0.18	1.71	2.59
Std. Error of skewness	0.29	0.29	0.6	0.60	0.79	0.62	0.51
25th percentiles	6	6.25	19	83.00	62.2	23.15	3.08
50th percentiles	10.5	10	68	91.00	74.9	128	51.5
75th percentiles	15.75	15.75	95	116.50	96.3	186.8	383.88
Significance
P1	0.031	0.519	0.717	0.219	0.001	0.028	0.000
P2	0.001	0.000	0.741	0.817	0.007	0.173	0.001
P3	0.000	0.825	0.182	0.008	0.001	0.016	0.014
P4	0.000	0.000	0.054	0.029	0.012	0.128	0.965

BDI-II: Beck depression inventory-2nd edition; HAM-A: Hamilton anxiety rating scale; SHBG: Sex hormone binding globulin; P1: Patients versus control subjects; P2: Patients with comorbid depression versus control subjects; P3: Patients without comorbid psychiatric disorders versus control subjects; P4: Patients with comorbid depression versus patients without comorbid psychiatric disorders.