New innovation of moisturizers containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for atopic dermatitis

Table 2 Evidence of the clinical studies on the effectiveness of moisturizers containing anti-inflammatory agents

Ref.	Active ingredients	Design + Population + Age	Outcome measurement	Results
Udompataikul et al[6]	Licochalcone A, LA	Randomized controlled-investigator blind; n = 28, mean age = 5.8 yr old (2-15 yr old)	SCORAD score	Response rate 73.33% The effective- ness of LA was equal to 1% HC
Wananukul et al[7]	Licochalcone A, LA	Randomized, double-blind, split-side, study n = 55, age 3 mo-14 yr old	SCORAD score, TEWL	The effectiveness of LA was equal to 1% HC
Angelova Fischer et al[8]	LALDM	Randomized controlled-investigator blind, study; n = 20 mean age = 26.2 yr old	SCORAD score, TEWL, skin -conductance, Staphylococcus aureus colonization	LALDM was equal to 1% HC, and LALDM can reduce Staphylococcus aureus colonization
Abramovits et al[10]	Glycyrrhetinic acid, shea butter (MASO63DP)	Randomized, vehicle-controlled study; n = 218, age 18-84 years old	EASI score, IGA	The effectiveness of MASO63DP was more effective than vehicle
Boguniewicz et al[11]	Glycyrrhetinic acid, shea butter (MASO63DP)	Randomized, vehicle-controlled study; n = 142, age 18-84 yr old	EASI score, IGA	The effectiveness of MASO63DP was more effective than vehicle
Udompataikul et al[20]	Dexpanthenol, petrolatum	Open label; n = 30 mean age 7.19 yr old	SCORAD score	The effectiveness of dexpanthenol ointment was equal to 1% HC
Eberlein et al[30]	PEA, phytosterol ceramide in dermal membrane structure	Multicenter study (moisturizers as adjuvant treatment) n = 2456 (adult 1533, children 923)	Clinical and pruritic VAS	Pruritus reduction (VAS), Improvement of sleep quality, Reduction of previous use of topical corticosteroid were significant difference
Udompataikul et al[20]	Linoleic acids from Spent grain wax, shea butter, argan oil; phytosterols (LP)	Randomized investigator blind; n = 31, age = 4.24 yr old	SCORAD score	The effectiveness of LP was equal to 1% HC
Lee et al[40]	Multilamellar emulsion – pseudoceramide, type III synthetic ceramide (PC)	An open crossover study	Clinical	PC cream was more effective than urea cream

LA: Linoleic acid; SCORAD: Score of Atopic Dermatitis; EASI: Eczema Area and Severity Index; IGA: Investigator’s Global Assessment; TEWL: Transepidermal Water Loss; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; LALDM: Licochalcone A, linoleic acid, decanediol menthoxypropanediol; PEA: N-palmitoyl ethanolamine.