Pathogenesis and diagnosis of contact dermatitis: Applications of reflectance confocal microscopy

Table 1 Pathophysiologic features of allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis

	ICD	ACD
Blood immunology	No specific T cells	Presence of specific T cells
Skin immunology	No activated T cells	Presence of activated T cells
Innate immune system	+++β	+ (it due to the maduration of skin DC)
Adaptative immunity	-	+++ (delayed-type hypersensitivity response)
Cytokines and chemokines	IL-1α and β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, GM-CSF and IL-10	IL-23, IL-36Ra, IL-2 and IL 17

+++: Strong positive association; +: positive association; –: negative association. ACD: Allergic contact dermatitis; ICD: Irritant contact dermatitis; TNF:Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; DC: Dendritic cells.